852 



TUSCARORA 



[b. a. b. 



tion of about 4,800 at that date; Colonel 

 Barnwell's tigures are somewhat larger 

 than Lawson's, though they appear to 

 be conservative; his estimate was 1,200 

 to 1,400 warriors, or a maximum popula- 

 tion of about 5,600 persons. The estnnate 

 of Chauvignerie in 1736 was 250 warriors, 

 or about 1,000 persons. His estimate was 

 restricted to the Tuscarora living near 

 Oneida, N. Y. , hence did not include those 

 living in North Carolina or on the Sus- 

 quehanna and Juniata rs. Other estimates 

 of this group give them 1,000 (1765), 2,000 

 (1778), 1,000 (1783), 400 (1796) in the 

 United States; 414 (1885) in New York 

 and an equal number in Canada, or a 

 total of 828; 364 ( 1909) in New York, and 

 416 (1910) in Canada, a total of 780. 



Setllemetiis. — The following Tuscarora 

 towns have been mentioned in writings 

 pertaining to this people: Annaooka, 

 Chunaneets, Coerntha, Cohunche, Con- 

 auhkare, Contahnah, Cotechney, Coram, 

 Corutra, Eno, Ganasaraga, Ganatisgowa, 

 Harooka, Harutawaqui, Ingaren, Junas- 

 triyo, Jutaneaga, Kanhato, Kaunehsun- 

 tahkeh, Kenta, Kentanuska, Naurhegh- 

 ne, Nonawharitse;Nursoorooka, Nyuchi- 

 rhaan, Ohagi, Oonossora, Oneida (in 

 part), Oquaga, Shawhiangto, Tasqui, 

 Tiochcrungwe, Tonarooka, Torhunte, 

 Tosneoc, Tuscarora, Unauauhan, Ucouh- 

 nerunt. Some of these towns were in 

 North Carolina, others on Juniata r. in 

 Pennsylvania, others on the Susquehan- 

 na in Pennsylvania, others on the Sus- 

 quehanna in New York, while others 

 were s. of Oneida lake in New York, and 

 one in Genessee valley. The exact situ- 

 ation of the majority of these towns is 

 not definitely known. In some instances 

 the Tuscarora shared a town with other 

 trii:)es, as was the case at Anajot ( Oneida, 

 or Ganowarohare) and Onohoquaga. 



Treaties. — The Tuscarora have taken 

 part in the following treaties between 

 the United States and the Six Nations: 

 Ft Stanwix, N. Y.,. Oct. 22, 1784; Ft 

 Harmar, Ohio, Jan. 9, 1789; Canandai- 

 gua (Konondaigua), N.Y., Nov. 11, 1794; 

 Oneida, N. Y., Dec. 2, 1794; Buffalo 

 Creek, N. Y., Jan. 15, 1838. 



For further information consult Elias 

 Johnson (native Tuscarora), Legends, 

 Traditions and I^aws of the Iroquois, or 

 Six Nations, and History of the Tuscaro- 

 ra Indians, 1881 ; Documents Relating to 

 the Colonial History of New York, i-xi, 

 1855-61; Documentary History of New 

 York, i-iv, 1849-51; Pennsylvania Ar- 

 chives, i-xii, 1852-56; Minutes of the 

 Provincial Council of Pennsylvania (Co- 

 lonial Records), i-xvi, 1852-53; South 

 Carolina Historical and Genealogical 

 Magazine, i-x, especially ix and x; Vir- 

 ginia Magazine, i-xv, 1893-1908; Lawson, 

 History of Carolina, 1714, repr. 1860; 



Publications of the Buffalo Hist. Soc, 

 especially vol. vi. (j. n. b. h.) 



A-ko-t'as-ka-ro'-ren'. — Hewitt, Mohawk MS. vocab., 

 B. A. E., lSS-1 (Mohawk name). Ani'-Skala'- 

 li.— Mooney in 19th Rep. B. A. E., 509, 1900 

 (Cherokee name). A-Skala'li.— Ibid. (orSkaia'll; 

 sing. form). A-t'as-ka-lo'-le"'. — Hewitt, Oneida 

 MS. vocab., B. A. E., 1882 (an Oneida name). Cas- 

 karorins. — Document ca. 1758 in N. Y. Doc. Col. 

 Hist., X, 675, 1858. Caskarouns. — Mackenzie, 

 Voy., app., 315, 1802. Dus-ga-o'-weh'.— Morgan, 

 League Iroq., 53, 1851. Kaskarorens. — Montreal 

 Conference (1754) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., x, 267, 

 18.58. Keew-ahomomy. — Irvine (1728) in Col. Rec. 

 N. C, II, 812, 1886 (given as the Saponi name; the 

 correct form is probably Tewohomomy, as given 

 by the Va. boundary commissioners; cf. Du.i-gao- 

 weh ante). Skala'li-. — Mooney in 19th Rep. B. A. 

 E., 509, 1900 (Cherokee name, sing, form; see 

 A-Skaid'li, ante). Ska-ru'-re". — Hewitt, Tusca- 

 rora MS. vocab., B. A. E., 1880 (name used by the 

 tribe). Tachekaroreins.— Document of 1741 in 

 N. Y. Doc. Col. Hi.st.,ix, 1081, 18.5.5. Tascorins.— 

 Quebec Conference (1748), ibid., x, 186, 1858. 

 Tascororins.— Quebec Conference (1748), ibid., 

 187. Tascuroreus. — Chauvignerie (1736) in School- 

 craft, Ind. Tribes, iii, 555, 1853. Taska'ho.— Gat- 

 schet, Wyandot MS., B. A. E., 1881 (Wyandot 

 name). T'as-ka-lo'-le"'. — Hewitt, Oneida MS. 

 vocab., B. A. E., 1882 (an Oneida name). Taska- 

 lo'nugi. — Gatschet, Shawnee MS., 1879 (Shawnee 

 name). Taskarorens. — ^Duquesne (1754) in N. Y. 

 Doc. Col. Hist., X, 266, 1858. Taskarosins.— Writer 

 of 17.56, ibid., 487 (misprint). Taskiroras. — Led- 

 3rer (1670) quoted by Hawks, N. C, ii, 51, 1858. 

 Taskororins.— Letter of 1756 in N. Y. Doc. Col. 

 Hist., X, 480, 1858. Tasks.— Spotswood (1717) in Va. 

 Hist. Soc. Coll., n. s.,n, 236, 1885. Tescarorins. — 

 Documentofl747inN.Y. Doc. Col. Hist., X, 97,1858. 

 Tewohomomy. — Va. Boundary Comrs. (1728) in CoL 

 Rec. N. C, II, 786, 1886 (?Saponi name; Irvine 

 gives the word as Keew-aho, probably a mi.s- 

 print). Tharhkarorin. — Vaudreuil (1755) in N. Y. 

 Doc. Col. Hist., X, 322, 1858. Theskaroriens.— 

 Vaudreuil (1755), ibid., 377. Toscororas.— Trader 

 (1778) in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, iii, 561, 1853. 

 Toskiroros. — Lederer map (1670) in Hawks, N. C, 

 II, 18.58. Touscaroros.— Homann Heirs' map, 1756. 

 Turcaroras— Macauley, N. Y., ii, 178-9, 1829 (mis- 

 print), tuscarara.— Hunter (1712) in N. Y. Doc. 

 Col. Hist., v, 343, 1855. Tuscararo. — Humphreys, 

 Acct., X, 1730. Tuscareras.— Memoir of 1727 in 

 N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., l.x, 998, 1855. Tuscarooroes. — 

 Document of 1726 in Col. Rec. N. C, ii, 644, 1886. 

 Tuscarora.— Lords of Trade (1712) in N. Y. Doc. 

 Col. Hist., V, 346, 18.55. Tuscaroras.— Albany Con- 

 ference (1714) quoted by Ilnttenber, Tribes Hud- 

 son R., 190, 1872. tusCarorase.— Hansen (1713) in 

 N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., v, 3/6, 1855. Tuscaroraw. — 

 La Tour map, 1782. Tuscarore haga. — Pyrlaeus 

 map (CO. 1760) quoted in Am. Antiq., iv, 75, 1882. 

 Tuscarorens. — Chauvignerie (1736) in N. Y. Doc. 

 Col. Hist., IX, 1057, 18.55. Tuscarories. — Carver, 

 Travels, 173, 1778. Tuscaroroes. — Ffrench & Wor- 

 ley (1710) in Day, Penii., 391, 1843. Tuscarow.— 

 Humphreys, Acct., 26, 1730. Tuscarura. — Lords 

 of Trade "(1712) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., v, 346, 

 18.55. Tuscaruro.— Spotswood (1711) in Col. Rec. 

 N. C, I, 796, 1886. Tuscoraras.— Turkish Spy 

 quoted by Malcolme, Collection of Letters, 1739. 

 Tuscorora.— Writer, ca. 1795, in Drake, Bk. Inds., 

 bk. 5, 94, 1848. Tuscororoes.— Pollock (1712) in Col. 

 Rec. N. C, I, 893, 1886. Tuscoroura.— Spotswood 

 (1713), ibid., ii, 79, 1886. Tuscorure.— Spotswood 

 (1711), ibid., I, 782, 1886. Tuscouroro.— Spots- 

 wood (1713), ibid., II, 15, 1886. T'us-kai'-y'e"'.- 

 Hewitt. Onondaga MS. vocab., B. A. E., 1882 

 (Onondaga name). T'us-ka-o-wa"'.— Hewitt, Ca- 

 yuga MS. vocab., B. A. E., 1884 (Cayuga name). 

 Tuskararo.— Assembly (1722) in Col. Rec. N. C, ii, 

 456, 1886. Tuskaroes.— Document of 1733 in N. Y. 

 Doc. Col. Hist., V, 963, 18.55. Tuskarooroe.— As- 

 semblv(1721) in Col. Rec. N. C, ii, 428, 1886. tus- 

 karora.— Document of 1711, ibid., i, 819, 1886, 

 Tuskarorahs.— Penhallow (1726) in N. H. Hist. 

 Soc. Coll., I, 79, 1824. Tuskarorers.— Albany Con- 

 ference (1746) in N. Y. Doc. Col. Hist., vi, 317, 

 1855. Tuskarores. — Albany Conference (1722) 



