BULL. 30] 



TUTCHONEKUTCHIN TUTELO 



855 



talosi cr. , a branch of Kinchaf oonee cr. , 

 probably in Lee or Terrell co., Ga. In 

 later years its people moved w. of Chat- 

 tahoochee r. and were known thereafter 

 as Hitchiti. 



Fowl Town. — Of several authors. Tatayahukli. — 

 Gatschet, Creek Migr. Leg., i, 149, 1SS4 (Hitchiti 

 name of its people). Tuttallasee.— Hawkins 

 (1814) in Am. State Papers, Ind. Aff., i, 845, 

 1832. Tut-tal-leo-see.— Ibid. ,859. Tut-tal-lo-see.— 

 Hawkins (1779), Sketch, 65, 1848. 



Tutchonekutchin ('crow people'). A 

 Kutchin tribe on Yukon r. from Deer r. to 

 Ft Selkirk, Yukon Ter., Canada. They 

 number about 1,100 and differ but little 

 from their Kutchin neighbors below. 



Caribou Indians. — Dall in Cent. N. A.Ethnol., I, 32, 

 1877 (so called by Hudson's Bay Co. people). Car- 

 ribou Indians. — Ross, MS. notes on Tinne, B. A. E. 

 Crow People.— Dall in Cont. N.A. Ethnol.,i, 32, 1877. 

 Gens de bois. — Whvmper, Alaska, 255, 1869. Gens 

 desFoux.— Dall, Ala.ska, 429, l)-70. Gens-de-wiz.— 

 Raymond in Ind. AfY. Rep. 1869,593, 1870(mi.sprint). 

 Klo-a-tsul-tshik'. — Dawson in Rep. Geol. Surv. 

 Can. 1888, 202b, 1889. Mountain Indians.— Har- 

 disty in Smithson. Ren. 1866, 311, 1872. Nehaunee. — 

 Dall in Cont. N.A. Ethnol., I, 32, 1877 (so called 

 bv Hud.son'sBa v Co. men ) . Tatanchaks. — Col yer in 

 Ind. A IT. Rep. 1869, 593, 1870. Tatanchakutohin.— 

 Raymond, in Jour. Am. Geog. Soc, in, 178, 1873. 

 Tatanchok-Kutchin. — Whj-mper in Jour. Roy. 

 Geog. Soc., 233, 1868. Tatchcne Kutchin. — Keaiie 

 in Stanford, Compend., 464, 1878. Touchon-ta- 

 Kutchin.—Kirkby in Smithson. Rep. 1864,418, 1865. 

 Touchon-tay Kutchin. — Kirby(1862)quoted bv Hind, 

 Lab. Renin., ll, 2.54, 1863. Tiit-chohn'-kut-chin,— 

 Dall in Proc. Am. A. A. S., 379, 1886. Tutchone- 

 Kutchin.— Dall, Alaska, 429, 1870. Tutchone- 

 kut'qin. — Morice in Anthropos, r, 506, 1900. 

 Tutchon Kutchin.— Whvmper, Alaska, 271, 1869. 

 Tiitch-un-tah' kutchin. — Ross, Notes on Tinne, 

 S. I. MS. 474. Tutcone-kut'qin. — Morice in An- 

 thropos, I, 261, 1906 ( = 'crow people'). Wood 

 Indians. — Dawson in Rep. Geol. Surv. Can., 202b, 

 1889 (so called by fur traders). 



Tutelary. See Oyaron, Totem. 



Tutelo. One of the eastern Siouan tribes, 

 formerly living in Virginia and North Car- 

 olina, but now extinct. Hale (Proc. 

 Am. Philos. Soc, Mar. 2, 1883) first 

 made it known that the Tutelo language 

 pertained to the Siouan stock, a discovery 

 which, followed by the investigations of 

 Gatschet, INIooney, and J. O. Dorsey, 

 brought to light the fact thata considerable 

 group of Siouan tribes formerly inhabited 

 the piedmont region of Virginia and the 

 Carolinas. The relation of the Tutelo ap- 

 pears to have been most intimate with 

 the Saponi, the language of the two tribes 

 being substantially the same. Their inti- 

 mate as.sociation with the Occaneechi and 

 their allied tribes indicates ethnic rela- 

 tionship. The history of the Tutelo is 

 virtually the same as that of the Saponi. 

 The name Tutelo, although by the Eng- 

 lish commonly used to designate a par- 

 ticular tribe, was by the Iroquois applied 

 as a generic term for all the Siouan trites 

 of Virginia and Carolina, being applied 

 more particularly to the allied tribes 

 gathered at Ft Christanna (see Christ- 

 anna Indians). They are first mentioned 

 by Capt. John Smith in 1609 under the 

 names of Monacan and Mannahoac, with 



many subtribes, occupying the upper 

 waters of James and Kappahannock rs., 

 Va., and described by him as very barba- 

 rous, subsisting chiefly on the products of 

 the chase and wild fruits. They were at 

 constant war with the Powhatan Indians 

 and in mortal dread of the Iroquois. Led- 

 erer, in his exploration from Virginia into 

 North Carolina in 1670, passed through 

 their territory and mentions the names 

 of Nahyssan (Monahassanough) and 

 Sapon (Saponi). In their frontier posi- 

 tion at the base of the mountains the 

 Saponi and Tutelo were directly in the 

 path of the Iroquois. 



Unabl e to withstand the constant attacks 

 of these northern enemies, they aban- 

 doned this location some time between 

 1671 and 1701, and removed to the junc- 

 tion of Staunton and Dan rs., where they 

 established themselves near their friends 

 and kinsmen, the Occaneechi, occupying 

 two of the islands in the Roanoke imme- 

 diately below the forks, the Tutelo set- 

 tling on the up])er one. How long they 

 remained here is unknown; it is certain, 

 however, that in 1701 Lawson found the 

 Saponi on Yadkin r., N. C, and says that 

 the Tutelo were living in the neighboring 

 mountains toward thew., proI:)ably about 

 the headwaters of the Yadkin. At this 

 time, according to Lawson, the 5 Siouan 

 tribes, the Tutelo, Saponi, Keyauwee, 

 Occaneechi, and Shakori, numbered to- 

 gether only about 750 souls. Soon after 

 Lawson's visit they all moved in toward 

 the white settlements, and, crossing the 

 Roanoke, occupied a village called Sapona 

 town, a short distance e. of the river, 

 about 15 m. w. of the present Windsor, 

 Bertie co. , N. C. Soon after this they re- 

 moved and settled near Ft Christanna 

 (see Christanna Indians, Totero). In 1722, 

 through the efforts of the Colonial gov- 

 ernments, peace was finally made be- 

 tween the Iroquois and the Virginia 

 tribes. In consequence the Saponi and 

 Tutelo some years later moved to the N. 

 and settled on the Susquehanna at Sha- 

 mokin (q. v. ), Pa., under Iroquois protec- 

 tion, later moving up the river to Skogari. 

 Their chiefs were allowed to sit in the 

 great council of the Six Nations. In 

 1763 the two tribes, together with the 

 Nanticoke and Conoy, numbered, ac- 

 cording to Sir Wm. Johnson, 200 men, 

 possibly 1,000 souls. In 1771 the Tutelo 

 were settled on the e. side of Cayuga inlet, 

 about 3 m. from the s. end of the lake, in 

 a town called Coreorgonel, which was 

 destroyed in 1779 by Gen. Sullivan. The 

 last surviving full-blood Tutelo known 

 was Nikonha, from whom Hale obtained 

 the linguistic material by which he de- 

 termined the relation of the tribe to the 

 Siouan stock. He died in 1871. It is 

 believed there are still a few mixed-bloods 



