BULL. 30] 



UTE 



875 



their Shoshoni, Bannock, and Paiute 

 kindred, and on the s. with the Jicarilla 

 Apache. 



The first treaty with the Ute, one of 

 peace and amity, was concluded Dec. 30, 

 1849. By Executive order of Oct. 3, 1861, 

 Uintah valley was set apart for the Uinta 

 tribe and the remainder of the land 

 claimed by them was taken without 

 formal purchase. By treaty of Oct. 7, 

 18(53, the Tabeguache were assigned a 

 reservation and the remainder of their 

 land was ceded to the United States. On 

 May 5, 1864, various reserves, established 

 in 1856 and 1859 by Indian agents, were 

 ordered vacated and sold. By treaty of 

 Mar. 2, 1868, a reservation for the Tabe- 

 guache, Moache, Capote, Wiminuche, 

 Yampa, Grand River, Uinta, and other 

 bands was created in Colorado and the 

 remainder of their lands relinquished; 

 but by agreement of Sept. 13, 1873, a part 

 of this reservation was ceded to the United 

 States. When it was found that a portion 

 of this last cession was included in the 

 Uncompahgre valley, the part so included 

 was retroceded to the Ute by Executive 

 order of Aug. 17, 1876. By Executive 

 order of Nov. 22, 1875, the Ute res. was 

 enlarged, but this additional tract was 

 restored to the public domain by order 

 of Aug. 4, 1882. By act of June 18, 1878, 

 a portion of the act of May 5, 1864. was 

 repealed and several tracts included in 

 the reservations thereunder established 

 were restored to the public domain. Un- 

 der agreement of Nov. 9, 1878, the Moache, 

 Capote, and Wiminuche ceded their right 

 to the confederated Ute res. established 

 by the 1868 treaty, the United States agree- 

 ing to establish a reservation for them on 

 San Juan r. , which was done by Executive 

 order of Feb. 7, 1879. On Mar. 6, 1880, the 

 Southern Ute and the Uncompahgre ac- 

 knowledged an agreement to settle respec- 

 tively on La Plata r. and on the Grand 

 near the mouth of the Gunnison, while 

 the White River Ute agreed to move to 

 the Uinta res. in Utah. Sufficient agri- 

 cultural land not being found at the point 

 designated as the future home of the Un- 

 compahgre, the President, by Executive 

 order of Jan. 5, 1882, established a reserve 

 for them in Utah, the boundaries of which 

 were defined bv Executive order of Jan. 

 5, 1882. By act of May 24, 1888, a part 

 of the Uinta reservation was restored to 

 the public domain. 



The Southern Ute lands in Colorado 

 were in part suljsequently allotted in sev- 

 eralty, and on Apr. 13, 1899, 523,079 acres 

 were opened to settlement, the remainder 

 (483, 750 acres) being retained as a reserva- 

 tion for the Wiminuche. A large part of 

 the Uinta valley res. in Utah has also been 

 allotted in severalty, more than a million 

 acres set aside as forest and other reserves, 

 and more than a million acres more opened 



to homestead entry; the residue (179,194 

 acres under reclamation) is unallotted and 

 unreserved. Of the Uncompahgre res. 

 in Utah, 12,540 acres have been allotted 

 and the remainder restored to the public 

 domain by act of June 7, 1897. 



Various numerical estimates of the Ute 

 have been made from time to time, but 

 they are generally unreliable. The rest- 

 less character of these Indians and their 

 unfriendly spirit have rendered a correct 

 census or even a fair estimate impossible. 

 Some estimates have included many Pai- 

 ute, while others have included only a 

 portion of the Ute proper, so that the 

 figures have varied from 3,000 to 10,000. 

 An estimate of 4,000 for the year 1870 

 would probably be within safe bounds. 

 It ia not likely that the combined num- 

 bers of the several Ute bands ever ex- 

 ceeded 10,000. The official reports give 

 3,391 as on the several reservations in 

 1885, and 2,014 in 1909. They have 



GROUP OF UTE MEN (OURAV, SEATED, IN MiODLe) 



been classed as follows: Capote, Cum- 

 umbah, Kosunats, Moache, Pahvant, 

 Pikakwanarats, Sanpet, Seuvarits, Tabe- 

 guache, Timpaiavats, Uinta, Wiminuche, 

 Yampa. According to Hrdlicka the 

 three divisions now recognized by the 

 Ute are Tabeguache or Uncompahgre, 

 Kaviawach or White River Ute, and 

 Yoovte or Uinta. Sogup and Yubuin- 

 cariri are given as the names of former 

 bands. Most of the divisional names 

 have become obsolete, at least in official 

 reports, and the Ute on the several reser- 

 vations are now classed under collective 

 terms. These, with their numbers in 

 1909, were as follows: Wiminuche under 

 the Ft Lewis school, Colo., 454; Capote 

 and Moache under the Southern Ute 

 school, Colo., 352; Uinta (443), Uncom- 

 pahgre (469), and White River Ute (296) 

 under the Uintah and Ouray agency, 

 Utah. 

 In July, 1879, about 100 men of the 



