BULL. 30] 



VENDE FLECHAS VERA CHI 



881 



miles above Weningo " (Col. Rec. Pa., 

 V, 660, 1851). The entrance of the 

 French expedition in 1753 caused great 

 excitement among the Iroquois, who re- 

 garded it as an invasion of their lands; 

 and also among the Delawares, Shawnee, 

 and other Indians at Logstown for the 

 same reason (see letter of Lieut. Hol- 

 land, Col. Rec. Pa., v, 623; Letter of Gov. 

 Dinwiddie, 630; Letter from Council of 

 Onondaga, 637; Letter of Half King, 635; 

 Weiser's Journal of his mission to Onon- 

 daga, 642-647 ). This expedition followed 

 a different course from that of Celoron 

 de Bienville (1749), which reached Al- 

 legheny r. by way of L. Chautauqua 

 and Conewango r. It made the portage 

 from Presqu' Isle (Erie, Pa.) to the head- 

 waters of River au Bceuf (French or.) 

 and then down this stream to its mouth 

 (Venango). Forts were built at the two 

 former locations in 1753. It was the 

 intention to build a third fort at Venango, 

 but owing to the opposition of the Indians 

 and the lateness of the season, this project 

 was temporarily abandoned (Letter of 

 M. Duquesne to M. deRouille, Aug. 1753, 

 in Arch. Pa., 2d s., vi, 161, 1877). Pos- 

 session was taken of the place by Capt. 

 Chalbert de Joncaire, who expelled the 

 traders from John Fraser's house, and 

 erected a French flag on the building, 

 which he made his headquarters. He 

 spent his time trying to win the Indians 

 on the Ohio to the French interest. 

 The presence of the French force within 

 the region claimed by the English led to 

 the mission of Washington and Gist, who 

 were sent by the Governor of Virginia to 

 warn the French invaders to depart 

 (Washington's Jour., 1753; Gist's Jour., 

 1753; Frontier Forts, ii, 1 et seq., 

 1895) . The French fort at Venango was 

 finished in the spring of 1754; it was called 

 Ft Machault by the French, but was 

 always called "the French fort at Ve- 

 nango" by the English. During the 

 French occupancy of the Ohio this fort 

 became a center of Indian influence on 

 the upper Allegheny (Frontier Forts, ii, 

 585, 1896). After the fall of Ft Duquesne 

 in 1758, the fort at Venango was strength- 

 ened and a larger garrison placed at it; it 

 then became a rendezvous for all the 

 Indians hostile to the English, In the 

 summer of 1759 there were about 1,000 

 Indians of various tribes gathered in the 

 vicinity. Col. Hugh Mercer, the com- 

 mander of Ft Pitt, wrote to Gov. Denny, 

 telling him of the gathering of the French 

 and Indians at Venango for the purpose 

 of taking Ft Pitt (Col. Rec. Pa., viii, 292, 

 1852). In the summer of 1759 the French 

 force deserted all their posts in n. w. 

 Pennsylvania, leaving the entire region in 

 possession of the English (Col. Rec. Pa., 

 VIII, 394^396, 1852). After the abandon- 



3456— Bull. 30, pt 2—07 56 



ment of Venango by the French a new 

 fort was built by the English in the sum- 

 mer of 1760, which was called Ft Venan- 

 go, but only a small garrison, under 

 Lieut. Gordon, was stationed at the place. 

 During the Pontiac war the little garrison 

 and fort at Venango Mas blotted out by 

 the hostile Seneca, not a soul escaping. 

 Lieut. Gordon was slowly burned to death 

 (Bouquet's letter, Col. Rec. Pa., ix, 35, 

 1852). All the frontier forts of w. Penn- 

 sylvania were besieged by the Indians at 

 the same time, and all except Ft Ligonier 

 and Ft Pitt fell under the fury of the In- 

 dians. After the destruction of Ft Ve- 

 nango the entire region in n. w. Pennsyl- 

 vania was in full possession of the Indians 

 (Parkman, Conspiracy of Pontiac, ii, 

 18-25, 1901; Frontier Forts, ii, 592, 1896; 

 Arch, of Pa., 2d s., vi, 579 et seq., 1877). 

 At the treaty of Ft Pitt in 1765 many In- 

 dian deputies were present from the 

 upper Allegheny region (Col. Rec. Pa., 

 IX, 250 et seq., 1852). The close of the 

 Revolution brought fears of another In- 

 dian uprising in Pennsylvania. Settle- 

 ments had been made at various points 

 on the Allegheny n. of Kittanning, to pro- 

 tect which Ft Franklin was built, about 

 half a mile up French cr. (Arch, of Pa., 

 XI, 270, 1855). During the Indian troubles 

 in 1794 this fort was strengthened. A 

 garrison was kept at this point until 1796, 

 when a new location was selected nearer 

 the mouth of French cr. This building, 

 called the "Old Garrison," was occupied 

 until 1803, when, all danger of Indian in- 

 vasion having passed away, the military 

 post was abandoned. (o. p. d. ) 



Fort Franklin. — Howell map, 1792. Fort Mach 

 ault.— Duquesne (1766) in Arch. Pa., 2d s., VI 

 263, 1877. Fort Mackhault.— Vaudreuil (1757), 

 ibid., 406. Fort of Venango.— Pa. Council (1789) 

 in Col. Rec. Pa., xvi, 1853. Ganagarahhare.— Cof- 

 fen (1754), ibid., vi, 9, 1851. Ganagarah'hare.— 

 Arch, of Pa., 2d s., vi, 184, 1877. Machaull.— 

 Pevre (1758), ibid., iii, 363, 1853. Oninge.— Homann 

 Heirs map, 1756. Oningo. — Esnauts and Rapilly 

 map, 1777. P. Machault.— Pouchot map, 1758. 

 Quingo.— La Tour map, 1784 (misprint). Venan- 

 ga. — Lattre map, 1784. Venango. — Washington 

 (1753) in Proud, Pcnn., ii, app., 43, 1798. Venan- 

 go Fort. — Scull map, 1770. Venargo. — Morse, Hist. 

 Am., map, 1798 (misprint). Veneango. — Easton 

 conf. (1757) in N. Y. Doe. Col. Hist., vii, 287, 1856. 

 Veningo.— Shirley (1755), ibid., vi, 957, 1855. Vil- 

 lage du Loups. — Bonnecamp map, 1749. Vinan- 

 go.— Homann Heirs map, 1756. Viningo. — Gist 

 map, 1753. Wenango. — Lewis Evans map, 1756. 

 Weningo.— Shippen (1753) in Col. Rec. Pa., v, 660, 

 1851. Weningo Town.— Peters (1754), ibid., 759. 



Vende Flechas (Span. : ' arrow sellers' ). 

 A band represented in 1794 by six mem- 

 bers at Espiritu Santo de Ziiniga mission, 

 Texas. They were called by the mis- 

 sionary there a branch of the Xaraname 

 (Aranama) tribe (Portillo, Apuntes, 308, 



Verachi ('where corn grows'). A 

 small rancheria of the Tarahumare near 

 Norogachic, Chihuahua, Mexico. — Lum- 

 holtz, inf'n, 1894. 



