898 



WAKOtJINGOUECHIWEK WALAM OLUM 



[b. a. e. 



cept which the word wakoyda signifies to 

 the Omaha and his cognates. 



Wakoyda is diflBcult to define, for exact 

 terms change it from its native uncrys- 

 tallized condition to something foreign to 

 aboriginal thought. Vague as the con- 

 cept seems to be to one of another race, 

 to the Indian it is as real and as mysterious 

 as the starry night or the flush of the com- 

 ing day. See Totem. (a. c. f. ) 



"Wakouingouechiwek. An Algonquian 

 tribe or band living on a river about 60 

 leagues s. of Hudson bay and 150 leagues 

 N. w. of Three Rivers, Quebec. They 

 were probably a part of the Mistassin liv- 

 ing on Marten r. 



K8aK8aK8chiouets.— Jes. Rel., LX, 244, 1900. KSa- 

 KSchiSets.— Jes. Rel., LXIII, 248, 1900. Koiiakoiii- 

 koiiesiouek.— Jes. Rel. 1672, 54, 1858. Kouakouikoue- 

 siwek.— Jes. Rel., Lxxiii, 60, 1901. Kwakwakou- 

 chiouets.— Ibid., LX, 245. Ouakouingouechiouek. — 

 Jes. Rel. 1658, 20, 1858. Oukouingouechiouek.— Ibid. 



Wakpaatonwan ('village on the river'). 

 A Wahpeton Sioux band. 

 Walipetoijwari-Kca.— S. R. Riggs, letter to Dorsey, 

 1882 (trans, 'real Wahpeton'). Wakpa-atogwag.— 

 Ashley quoted by Dorsey in 15th Rep. B. A. E., 

 216, 1897. ■Wakpa-atoowa".— Ibid. Wakpaton.— 

 Ashley, letter to Dorsey, 1886. Watpaton.— Ibid. 



Wakpaatonwedan ('those who dwell on 

 the creek' ). One of the two early divi- 

 sions of the Mdewakanton Sioux. They 

 had their village on Rice cr., Minn. (Neill, 

 Hist. Minn., 144, note, 1858). The Mde- 

 wakanton as described by Le Sueur (1689) 

 seem to have been composed of this divi- 

 sion alone. In 1858 it comprised the fol- 

 lowing bands: Kiyuksa, Ohanhanska, 

 Tacanhpisapa, Anoginajin, Tintaotonwe, 

 and Oyateshicha. 



Wakpokinyan ('flies along the creek'). 

 A Miniconjou Sioux band. 

 River that flies.— Culbertson in Smlthson. Rep. 

 1850, 142, 1861. "Wak-po'-ki-an.— Hayden, Ethnog. 

 and Philol. Mo. Val., 375, 1862. Wakpokinya.— 

 Swift, letter to Dorsey, 1884. Wakpokigyag.— 

 Dorsey in 15th Rep. B. A. E., 220, 1897. Wakpo- 

 kinya". — Ibid. 



Waksachi. A Shoshonean tribe on the 

 Kaweah r. drainage, extending into the 

 mountains, in s. central California. They 

 lived above the Wikchamni and below 

 the Badwisha. Merriam (Science, xix, 

 916, 1904) classes them as a "Paiute" 

 tribe in Eshom valley, n. of Kaweah r., 

 where the remnant of the tribe appears 

 now to reside. 



Wack-sa-che.— Barbour (1852) in Sen. Ex. Doc. 4, 

 32d Cong., spec, sess., 255, 1853. Wakesdachi.— 

 Kroeber in Univ. Cal. Pub., Am. Archseol. and 

 EthnoL, IV, 121, 1907 (Yokuts pi. of Waksachi). 

 Waksaehi.— Ibid. Wasakshes.— Taylor in Cal. 

 Farmer, June 8, 1860. Wik'-sach-i.— Powers in 

 Cont. N. A. EthnoL, iii, 370, 1877. Wock-soche.— 

 Johnston in Sen. Ex. Doc. 61, 32d Cong., 1st sess., 

 23,185-2. Wok-sach-e.— Wessells (18.53) in H. R. 

 Ex. Doc. 76, 34th Cong., 3d sess., 32, 1857. Wuk- 

 sa'-che.— Merriam in Science, xix, 916, June 17, 

 1904. 



Waktonila ( ' the band that kills no peo- 

 ple'). An unidentified Sioux band. 

 ■Wak-to-ni-la.— Hayden, Ethnog. and Philol. Mo. 

 Val.. 376, 1862. 



Walakpa (Wd^ldkpa). A summer vil- 

 lage of the Utkiavinmiut Eskimo in n. 

 Alaska. — Murdoch in 9th Rep. B. A. E., 

 83, 1892. 



Walaknmni. A division of the Miwok 

 between the Cosumne and Mokelumne 

 rs., Cal. This name was probably Waka- 

 lumni, another form of Mokelumne. 

 Walacumnies. — Bancroft, Nat. Races, I, 450, 1874. 

 Walagunmes. — Hale, Ethnog. and Philol., vi, 630, 

 1846. 



Walalsimni. A band formerly fre- 

 quenting the Stanislaus and Tuolumne rs. 

 in central California. It probably be- 

 longed to the Moquelumnan family. 

 Walalshimni.— A. L. Kroeber, inf'n, 1907 (so called 

 by people to the s. of the territory mentioned). 

 Walalsimni. — Ibid. Wal-lal-sim-ne. — Wessells 

 (1853) in H. R. Ex. Doc. 76, 34th Cong., 3d sess., 

 30, 1857. 



"Walam Olnm. The sacred tribal chron- 

 icle of the Lenape or Delawares. The 

 name signifies ' painted tally ' or ' red 

 score,* from walam, 'painted,' particu- 

 larly 'red painted,' and olum, 'a score or 

 tally.' The Walam Olum was first pub- 

 lished in 1836 in a work entitled "The 

 American Nations," by Constan tine Sam- 

 uel Rafinesque, an erratic French scholar, 

 who spent a number of years in this coun- 

 try, dying in Philadelphia in 1840. He 

 asserted that it was a translation of a 

 manuscript in the Delaware language, 

 which was an interpretation of an ancient 

 sacred metrical legend of the tribe, re- 

 corded in pictographs cut upon wood, 

 which had been obtained in 1820 by a 

 Dr Ward from the Delawares then liv- 

 ing in Indiana. He claimed that the 

 original pictograph record had first been 

 obtained, but without explanation, until 

 two years later, when the accompanying 

 songs were procured in the Lenape lan- 

 guage from another individual, these be- 

 ing then translated by himself with the 

 aid of various dictionaries. Although 

 considerable doubt was cast at the time 

 upon the alleged Indian record, Brinton, 

 after a critical investigation, arrived at 

 the conclusion that it was a genuine native 

 production, and it is now known that sim- 

 ilar ritual records upon wood or birch- 

 bark are common to several cognate 

 tribes, notably the Chippewa. 



After the death of Rafinesque his manu- 

 scripts were scattered, those of the Walam 

 Olum finally coming into the hands of 

 Squier, who again brought the legend to 

 public attention in a paper read before the 

 New York Historical Society in 1848, 

 which was published in the American 

 Review of Feb. 1849, reprinted by Beach 

 in his Indian Miscellany in 1877, and again 

 in a later (15th) edition of Drake's Abo- 

 riginal Races of North America. All of 

 rhese reprints were more or less inaccu- 

 tate and incomplete, and it remained for 

 Brinton to publish the complete pictog- 

 raphy, text, and tradition, with notes and 



