BUtL. SOI 



WALPAPI WALPI 



901 



li.— Powers ill Cont. N. A. Ethnol., ni, 3-19, 1877. 

 Wallies.— Powers iu Overland Mo., x, 8'.i5, 1S7-1. 



Walpapi. A Shoshonean division, be- 

 longing to the Mono-Paviotso branc;h of 

 the family, closely affiliated with the 

 Yahuskin, with whom they have been 

 officially associated for nearly half a cen- 

 tury. By treaty of Aug. 12, ISt'o, they 

 ceded their territory about the shores 

 of Goose, Silver, Warner, and Harney 

 lakes, Oregon, and were assigned lands 

 in the s. part of Klamath res. , established 

 the previous year. The Walpapi and the 

 Yahuskin together have numbered 135 

 to 166 persons between 1877 and 1891. 

 In 1906 the combined bands (officially 

 designated as "Paiute") on the Klamath 

 res. numbered 113; in 1909, 103. Two of 

 their settlements or camping places are 

 Chakeletsiwish and Kostuets, occu]>ied 

 also by Yahuskin. Their great war chief 

 Pauline, also called Panaine, Paul! he, 

 Pau-le-nee, and Pah-ni-nees, was killed 

 in 1867. 



NoU-pah-pe Snakes. — Applegate in Ind. Aff. Rop., 

 89, 1866. Pauline's band. — Hnntington, ibid., 

 103, 1865. Wall-Pah-Pe.— U S. Stat, at Large, xv, 

 218, 1869. Walpahpe Snakes.— Ind. AfF. Kep., 74, 

 1874. Wal-pah-peeSnakes.— Ibid. ,62, 1872. Wal- 

 palla.— Ibid. ,171, 1877 Walpapi.— Gatschet, Kla- 

 math Inds., II, XXXV, 1890. Wohlpahpe Snakes. — 

 Ind. Aff. Rep., 110, 1874. WoU-pah-pe.— Hunting- 

 ton in Ind. Aff. Rep., 466, 1865. 



Walpi (from U'aZa, 'gap', 'noU-h' ; opt, 

 locative : ' Place of the notch, ' in allusion to 

 a gap in the mesa on which it is situated). 

 One of the 6 villages of the Hopi (q. v. ) in 

 N. E. Arizona, situated on the summit of 

 East mesa, at its s. end (for an illustration, 

 see Pueblos). The ancestral clans which 

 founded Walpi built their first village 

 below the present site, on the n. w. side 

 of the mesa point among the foot-hills on 

 the lowest terrace; this site is now marked 

 by a ruin called Kuchaptuvela, 'Ash-hill 

 terrace'. About 1629 the village was 

 moved to a higher terrace, on the w. point 

 of the mesa, at a site covered with ruins 

 known as Kisakobi (q. v.), 'Place of the 

 ladder house,' where was built a mission 

 chapel the remains of walls of which may 

 still be traced. During a large part of 

 the 17th century Spanish missionaries 

 labored here, liut with slight success, and 

 in 1680, as a result of the Pueblo rebellion 

 (see Pueblos), the mission was destroyed 

 and the missionary killed, putting an end 

 to efforts to Christianize the Hopi until 

 after Arizona passed into possession of 

 the United States. A short time after 

 the destruction of the mission, impelled 

 by fear of vengeance on the part of the 

 Spaniards, as well as by the increasing 

 attacks of Apache, Navaho, and Ute, the 

 village was removed to the top of the 

 rocky mesa where it now stands. Walpi 

 has three rows of houses separated by 

 courts. The middle or largest row is four 

 stories high, long and narrow, and pre- 

 sents a broken sky-line. This row of 



buildings is the oldest, having been orig- 

 inally built by the Bear and Snake clans. 

 The main jilaza or court lies e. of this 

 row, and communication with the rear 

 court of the village is by means of an 

 alley, roofed by buildings. There is a 

 similar covered entrance at tlie s. end. 



The secret ceremonies of the Hopi are 

 performed in rooms called kivas and ki- 

 hus, the former isolated from the house 

 groups and used by fraternities of priests 

 composed of different clans, while the 

 kihus are generally limited in use to cer- 

 tain clans. The kivas are rectangular 

 subterranean rooms oriented to the Hopi 

 cardinal points, and are entered by lad- 

 ders from the roofs. Each kiva has an 

 elevated floor, for the use of spectators, at 

 the N. end, a firehole in the middle of 



KOPELI, NATIVE OF WALPI 



the floor, and a symbolic opening, called 

 the sipapu, in the floor. There are five 

 kivas in Walpi, four of which are built 

 in recesses and walled up on the outside; 

 the fifth is constructed in a depression 

 in the mesa. These are known as the 

 Mungkiva ('Chief kiva'), Wikiwaliobi- 

 kiva (' Watch-place kiva'), Alkiva ('Horn 

 kiva'), Chivatokiva ('Goat kiva'), and 

 Nacabkiva ('Half-way kiva'). The ki- 

 hus are known as the Flute kihu, the 

 Sun kihu, and the Warrior kihu. The 

 western row of houses, separated 1)y a 

 court from the Bear-Snake row, was Iniilt 

 by Flute and related clans; the short row 

 on the eastern rim of the mesa, once popu- 

 lous, has now fallen into disuse. In early 

 days it was occupied by the Asa clan, 



