938 



WHAPI WHISKY-JOHN 



[b. a. b. 



eral hundred feet. On the opposite 

 shore are three principal deposits. The 

 greater part of the largest of these, 

 the Whaleback mound, was removed in 

 1886, and the shells were ground for com- 

 mercial purposes. The Peabody Mu- 

 seum of Harvard University purchased 

 the right to all artifacts found. This 

 heap was approximately 300 ft long and 

 125 ft wide; its greatest depth was I65 ft. 

 There seem to have been two or three 

 periods of deposition of shells forming 

 the mound, separated by intervals during 

 which thin layers of mold had accumu- 

 lated. 



The mound was composed almost 

 wholly of oyster shells, a few of the 

 larger valves being 11 and 12 in. in length. 

 Occasionally shells of other species of 

 mollusks were found; five or six Indian 

 skeletons were unearthed, and fireplace 

 hearths, ashes, charcoal, and bones of 

 various animals occurred frequently, but 

 artifacts of stone, bone, and antler were 

 extremely rare. A small number of stone 

 adze blades of the nearly straight-edged 

 type were obtained, also a very few rude 

 pestles, hammer-stones, and other com- 

 mon forms. Fragments of a considerable 

 number of earthenware pots were recov- 

 ered at various depths. The sherds from 

 10, 12, and 14 ft below the surface have 

 the same characteristics as those from the 

 upper layers, all of them being of the 

 well-known New England Algonquian 

 types. The "roulette" and indented 

 methods of decoration prevailed through- 

 out. The potter's art in this region 

 made little if any advance during the long 

 period necessary for the accumulation of 

 12 or 14 ft of shells. 



Consult Berry in New England Mag., 

 XIX, 1898-9; Putnam in 20th Rep. Pea- 

 body Mus., 1887; Wyman in 2d Rep. 

 Peabody Mus., 1869. (c. c. w.) 



Whapi ( niid-pV). The Red-tail Hawk 

 clan of the San Ildefonso Indians of New 

 Mexico; also the name of an ancient 

 pueblo site in the Rio Grande valley 

 about 2 m. n. e. of the Black mesa, tradi- 

 tionally claimed to be a former home of 

 the Whapi clan. (e. l. h. ) 



Wharhoots {Xwaxots: Chehalis name). 

 A former village of the Chinook tribe on 

 Shoalwater bay, on the site of the present 

 Bruceport, Pacific co., Wash. 

 Nixwa'xotse. — F. Boas, inf'n, 1905. Wharhoots. — 

 Swan, N. W. Coast, 211, 1857. Xwa'xots.— Boas, 

 op. cit. (Chehalis name). 



Wharnock. A Kwantlen village on Era- 

 ser r., a few miles below the mouth of 

 Stave r., Brit. Col.; pop. 29 in 1910. 

 Ho'nak.— HUl-Tout in Ethnol. Surv. Can., 54. 1902. 

 Stcuwa'fEl.— Boas, MS., B. A. E., 1891 (probably 

 identical). Wharnock,— Can, Ind, Aff., pt. 11, 160, 

 1901, Whonnoch.— Hill-Tout, op, cit, Whonock,— 

 Can, Ind, Aff,, 74, 1878, 



Whatlminek ( Whatl-min-ek'). An Oki- 

 nagan village 6^ m. n. of Deep cr., Oka- 



nagan lake, Brit. Col.— Dawson in Trans. 

 Roy. Soc. Can., sec. 11, 44, 1891. 



Whetstones. See Abrading implements. 



Whiggiggin. A written permit to hunt, 

 from local officials or from Indian chiefs. 

 According to Scheie de Vere (American- 

 isms, 21, 1872) this word is in common 

 use in Maine and adjoining parts of Can- 

 ada: from amkhigan in the Abnaki dia- 

 lect of Algonquian, signifying ' (what is) 

 carved (scratched, or engraved),' hence 

 anything written, as a letter, a bill, or a 

 book. (a. f. c. ) 



Whilkut. The Hupa name of a small 

 Athapascan division occupying the upper 

 portion of the valley of Redwood cr, , n. 

 Cal. Their language differs slightly from 

 that of the Hupa, from whom they were 

 separated by a mountain ridge, and they 

 might be considered a part of that tribe 

 except that they seem to have had no 

 political connection with them and dif- 

 ered in religious practices. The routes 

 of the pack-trains lay through their terri- 

 tory, and the conflicts between the wliites 

 and Whilkut were frequent and bloody. 

 The survivors were taken to the reserva- 

 tion at Hupa soon after its establishment, 

 but after 1870 they drifted back to their 

 old homes, where 10 or 12 families are 

 still living. Below them on Redwood cr. 

 are the Chilula. (p. e. g. ) 



H6-al-kut-whuh, — Powers in Cont. N. A. Ethnol,, 

 III, 88, 1877 ('givers': Hupa name), Holtz Indi- 

 aner, — Meyer, Nach dem Sacramento, 216, 1855. 

 Redwood Indians, — McKee (1851) in Sen, Ex. Doc, 4, 

 32d Cong,, spec, sess,, 160, 1853, Wheelcuttas,— 

 Bancroft, Nat, Races, i, 446, 1874 ('tributaries': 

 Hupa name), WhU'-kut, — Powers in Cont, N. A. 

 Ethnol,, III, 88, 1877. Xoi'lkut.— P. E. Goddard, 

 inf'n, 1903 (Hupa name). 



Whipsiwog. A name of the fireweed 

 {Erechthiteshieracifolia). Gerard (Garden 

 and Forest) July 29, 1896, who cites the 

 word, refers it to wippisiwok in the Cree 

 dialect of Algonquian, signifying 'they 

 are hollow,' that is, like a tube, plural 

 of vnppisiw, 'it is hollow.' (a. f. c.) 



Whirling Bear. See Mahtoiowa. 



Whirling Thunder. See Nasheakusk. 



Whiskah. A band of Salish formerly 

 living on a river of the same name, a n. 

 branch of the Chehalis in w. Washing- 

 ton. They are little known to whites 

 except under the comprehensive term 

 "Lower Chehalis." 



Whishkah,— Gibbs in Cont, N. A, Ethnol,, I, 171, 

 1877, Whis-kah,— Ross in Ind. Aff, Rep,, 18, 1870. 



Whisky-dick, Whisky-jack. See Whisky- 

 john. 



Whisky-john. A name in northern Can- 

 ada and parts of the United States for the 

 Canada jay {Perisoreus canadensis). A 

 corruption, by folk-etymology, of wiska- 

 tchdn, the name of this bird in the Cree 

 dialect of Algonquian (Nascapi us'kachon; 

 Chippewa kwingiviuM, the Canada jay or 

 moosebird, according to Dr Wm. Jones), 



