BULL. 30] 



WINAMAC WINGATAKW 



957 



espoused the cause of the Americans in 

 the war. The name appears also as Ou- 

 enemek (French form ) , Wenameac, We- 

 nameck, Winemac, Winnemeg, Wyne- 

 mac, etc. (.i. m.) 



Winamac. Another Potawatomi chief 

 of the same period, the name being a 

 common one in the tribe. UnUke his 

 namesake, he was generally friendly to the 

 Americans and interposed in their behalf 

 at the Ft Dearljorn massacre, although 

 he was said to have been among the hos- 

 tiles at Tippecanoe in 1811. He visited 

 Washington several times and died in the 

 summer of 1821. His village, commonly 

 known by his name, was near the present 

 Winamac, Pulaski co., Ind. See Dunn, 

 True Iiulian Stories, 1909; Thatcher, Ind. 

 Biog., 1832. (j. M.) 



Winangik ( Wl-nan-gik^) Given by 

 Powers (Cont. N. A. Ethnol., in, 393, 

 1877) as a Shoshonean tribe on the n. 

 fork of Kern r., Cal., but there was no 

 tribe in this region except the Tubatu- 

 labal (q. v.). 



Winanis. See Ouananiche. 



Winaugusconey. See Moanahonga. 



Windigo. See Weendigo. 



Winema ( ' woman chief ' ). A Modoc 

 woman, better known as Toby Riddle, 

 born in the spring of 1842. She re- 

 ceived her name, Kaitchkona Winema 

 (Kitchlani laki shnawedsh, 'female sub- 

 chief), because, when a child, she 

 guided a canoe safely through the rapids 

 of Link r. She justified her title when, 

 but 15 years of age, she rallied the Modoc 

 warriors as they took to flight when sur- 

 prised by a band of Achomawi. After 

 she grew up she became the wife of 

 Frank Riddle, a miner from Kentucky. 

 When the INIodoc left Klamath res. in 

 1872 to return to Lost r. he served as 

 interpreter to the various commissions 

 that treated with them. After they had 

 fled to the lava-beds and had defeated a 

 detachment of soldiers, the Government 

 decided to send a commission of men 

 known to be in sympathy with them to 

 arrange a peace. Winema warned Com- 

 missioner Meacham of the murderous 

 temper of some of Captain Jack's fol- 

 lowers (see Kintpuasli). Meacham was 

 convinced and told his fellow-commis- 

 sioners. Gen. Edward R. S. Canby and 

 Rev. E. Thomas, that they were going to 

 their death, but could not swerve them 

 from their purpose. Shonchin (q. v.), 

 the shaman, threatened to kill her unless 

 she confessed who had betrayed the plot, 

 but she declared that she was not afraid 

 to die, and Captain Jack forbade him 

 to shoot a woman. When Gen. Canby 

 refused to withdraw the troops from 

 the lava-beds, the Modoc chief gave the 

 signal, and Canby and Thomas fell in- 

 stantly. Shonchin then turned his rifle 



upon Meacham. Winema, who was pres- 

 ent as interpreter, pleaded for the life of 

 the man who, when Indian superintend- 

 ent, had presented to white men living 

 with Indian women the alternative of 

 legal marriage or criminal prosecution. 

 She seized the chief's wrists and thrust 

 herself between the assassins and the 

 victim, and when he dropped from sev- 

 eral bullet wounds and a Modoc seized 

 his hair to take the scalp Winema cried 

 out that the soldiers were coming, where- 

 upon they all fled. When the soldiers 

 came at last, she advanced alone to meet 

 them. Meacham, crippled and invalided, 

 afterward took Winema with her son and 

 Riddle, one of the two whites who escaped 

 from the massacre, to the E. to continue 

 his intercession in behalf of the Indians, 

 especially the Modoc, who had so per- 

 fidiously requited his previous benevo- 

 lence. For her portrait, see Modoc. Con - 

 suit Meacham, Wi-ne-ma, the Woman 

 Chief, 1876. (f. u.) 



Winemac. See Winamac. 



Wingandacoa. A term which, like ' 'As- 

 samocomoco," was once supposed to be 

 the native name of Virginia. In his report 

 (made in 1584) to Sir Walter Raleigh, 

 Capt. Arthur Earlowe, in narrating what 

 occurred after his landing at the island of 

 Wococon (now Ocracoke) , states that on 

 the fourth day he was visited by "diuers 

 boates" with "fortie or fiftie men," 

 among whom was the brother of the ruler 

 of the country, and then proceeds to say: 

 "His name was Granganimeo, and the 

 king is called Wingina, and the county 

 Wingandocoa, and now by her Majestic 

 Virginia." Subsequently, Sir Walter 

 Raleigh, in mentioning the fact that Yu- 

 catan, Peru, and Paria are but words in 

 native languages which the Spaniards 

 mistook for place-names, remarks: "The 

 same happened among the English which 

 I sent under Sir Richard Grenville [a slip 

 of the memory for Captains Amidas and 

 Barlowe] to inhabit Virginia. For when 

 some of my people asked the name of the 

 country, one of the savages answered Tlm- 

 gan-da-coa, which is as much as to say, 

 'You wear good clothes' or 'gay clothes.'" 

 From this it would seem that when the 

 English interrogator asked a native, by 

 signs, the name of the country, he acci- 

 dently embraced in his gestures, intended 

 to include everything in sight, the cloth- 

 ing which he wore. The Indian there- 

 fore laconically answered : ' ' Wingatak w, ' ' 

 which means simply 'excellent fibrous 

 material.' (w. r. g.) 



Wingatakw. The term for which the im- 

 possible "Wingandacoa" is a corruption 

 due to a mishearing; from iring, 'good,' 

 'excellent,' and the nominal termination 

 -tnho (of which the sound of the iv can 

 not be expressed by type), 'fibrous stuff.' 



