958 



WINGINA WINNEBAGO 



[B. A. B. 



It is from the secondary root tak, mean- 

 ing in composition 'fiber,' and, by ex- 

 tension, anything made of fiber, as 

 thread, twine, rope, band, girdle, etc. 

 By a slight dialectic change the termi- 

 nation becomes in Massachuset -takuv, 

 -takon, found in the name Wautakon or 

 Wautakun, which the Massachuset In- 

 dians applied to an Englishman, and 

 which the English colonists supposed to 

 mean 'coat.' (w. e. g.) 



Wingina (abbrev. of Winginam, 'he ap- 

 proves,' 'is pleased with,' or 'looks at 

 with complaisance. ' — Gerard ) . The prin- 

 cipal chief of the Secotan tribe at the time 

 of Ealeigh's first and second expeditions 

 to North Carolina. He was the son of 

 Ensenore and brother of Granganimeo. 

 After the death of the latter, shortly after 

 the arrival of the colonists of 1585, and of 

 the former in the spring of 1586, Wingina, 

 no longer restrained by the influence of 

 these two relatives, who had been friendly 

 to the English, laid plans in secret to 

 destroy the colony. His designs proved 

 alwrtive, however, and eventually led to 

 his own death. Lane states that Wingina, 

 after the death of his brother, changed 

 his name to Pen:iisapan. 



Winimem [unni 'middle,' vum 'water': 

 'middle water', referring to McCloud r. ). 

 A Wintun tribe formerly living on Mc- 

 Cloud r., Shasta co., Cal. 



Cloud River Indians. — Redding in Am. Nat., XIII, 

 6('pS-9, 1S79. Win-ni-mim.— Powers in Cont. N. A. 

 Ethnol., Ill, 230, 1S77. 



Wininish. See Ouananiche. 



Winnebago {winlpig, 'filthy water' 

 [Chipitewa.]; vrin^rpydgoliar/'i, 'people of 

 the filthy M-ater' [SaukandFox].— W. J.) 

 A tribe of the Siouan linguistic family. 



Ha1)itat and Hidory. — The Winnebago 

 have been known to the whites since 1634, 

 when the Frenchman Nicollet found them 

 in Wisconsin, on(Tireen bay, at which time 

 they probal)ly extended to L. AVinnel)ago. 

 At this period they were found wedged in 

 by Central Algonquian tribes, particularly 

 by the Sauk and Foxes and the Menomi- 

 nee. To the w. they were in intimate con- 

 tact with a kindred tribe, thelowa, who in 

 turn were neighbors of the Oto and Mis- 

 souri. These four tribes, the Winnebago, 

 Iowa, Oto, and Missouri, speak dialects 

 naturally intelligible to one another, and 

 show many cultural similarities. On the 

 other hand, the Winnebago show many 

 cultural similarities with their Central 

 Algonquian neigh])ors, particularly in all 

 that pertains to material culture and art, 

 and this double influence, that from their 

 Siouan neighbors and that from their 

 Algonquian neighbors, must be borne in 

 mind in any attempt to understand 

 properly the Winnebago culture. 



It is stated in the Jesuit Relation for 

 1671 (42, 1858) that the Winnebago had 

 always dwelt in the Green Bay region. 



Allouez spent the winter of 1669-70 at 

 Green Bay, preaching to the Potawatomi, 

 Menominee, Sauk, Foxes, and Winne- 

 bago, whom he found commingled there. 

 The map of 1681 accompanying Mar- 

 quette's Journal notes a Winnebago vil- 

 lage near the N. end of L. Winnebago. 

 At a very early date, it is stated in the 

 Jesuit Relation for 1671, they were almost 

 entirely destroyed by the Illinois, but all 

 captives were at last allowed to return 

 and form a tribe again. Jefferys (1761) 

 refers to them and the Sauk as living to- 

 ward the head of Green bay. Carver 

 ( 1778) speaks of "the great town of the 

 AVinnebagoes situated on a small island, 

 just as you enter the e. end of L. Winne- 

 bago." A "queen," he says, presided 



WINNEBAGO CHIEF 



then over the tribe. Pike (1806) states 

 that they resided on Wisconsin, Rock, 

 and Fox rs. and Green bay in 7 villages, 

 situated at the entrance and at the end of 

 Green bay, at L. Poygan, and L. Puckway, 

 at the portage of the Wisconsin, and at 

 two places on Rock r. They had a war 

 with the Chippewa in 1827, but this was 

 of short duration. By the treaty of Prairie 

 du Chien in 1825 and another treaty in 

 1832 they ceded all their lands s. of Wis- 

 consin and Fox rs. in return for a reserva- 

 tion on the w. side of the Mississippi above 

 upper Iowa r. One of their villages in 

 1832 was at La Crosse, Wis. Smallpox 

 visited the tribe twice before 1836, and in 

 that year more than one-fourth of the 

 people died. In 1837 they relinquished 

 the title to their old country e. of Mis- 



