BULL. 30] 



WOPOH W ATS W RIGHT 



975 



Wopohwats ( WdpoU'vxds, ' White 

 Shield Owner,' commonly known to the 

 whites as White Shield ) . A former chief 

 of the Southern Cheyenne, born about 

 1833 on an upper branch of North Platte 

 r., Wyo. ; died in 1883 near the present 

 Kingfisher, Okla. In accordance with 

 Indian custom, he had different names 

 at different periods. As a young man 

 he was known as Mouse Road. His 

 more famous name was bestowed on him 

 in 1862 by his uncle, the noted Black 

 Kettle, killed in the battle of the Washita, 

 who had previously borne the name 

 himsel f . About the year 1878 he assumed 

 his grandfather's name of Buffalo Beard, 

 which he kept until his death. Having 

 distinguished himself as a warrior, par- 

 ticularly in two engagements with the 

 Pawnee, he became a leader in the Bow- 

 string soldier society, and in 1870 was 

 formally elected to the council of chiefs. 

 In the next year he was one of a delega- 

 tion sent to Washington to represent the 

 allied Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes then 

 newly established on a reservation in 

 Oklahoma, and with his companions re- 

 ceived from President Grant a treaty 

 medal bearing the device of a pipe, a 

 plow, a globe, and a Bible, which were 

 explained to symbolize peace, agricul- 

 ture, education, and Christianity. White 

 Shield accepted all this literally, and on 

 his return became an earnest advocate of 

 civilization, schools, and mission work. 

 Throughout the outbreak of 1874-75 he 

 held his band quiet at the agency. In 

 1881 he was again chosen as delegate, 

 but was unable to go by reason of the 

 death of his daughter, tribal custom for- 

 bidding participation in public business 

 by anyone in mourning. As Avas com- 

 mon with the Plains Indians, he had 

 two wives, Avho were sisters. His son, 

 Harvey White Shield (see Hishkowits), is 

 one of the best educated young men in 

 the tribe and an eflScient mission helper 

 and interpreter. (j. m. ) 



Wopum. Mentioned as a Karok village 

 on Klamath r., Cal., inhabited in 1860. 

 Woo-pum. —Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Mar. 23, 1860. 



"Woronock. A Wappinger village on the 

 E. bank of lower Housatonic r., in New 

 Haven co.. Conn., at the ferry between 

 Milford and Stratford. 



Oronoake.— Birdsev (1761) in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 

 1st s., X, 111, 1809. Oronoke.— Trumbull, Ind. 

 Names Conn., 91, 1881. Oronoque. — Ibid. Woro- 

 nock. — Ibid. 



Worship. See Orendn, Prayer, Religion. 



Woruntnck. A village in Massachu- 

 setts, apparently on or near Connecticut 

 r., whose inhabitants were driven out by 

 the Mohawk about 1664. — Winthrop 

 (1664) in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll., 4th s., 

 VI, 531, 1863. 



Wosameus. A village in 1608 on the 

 w. bank of Patuxent r. in Prince George 

 CO., Md. --Smith (1629), Va., i, map, 1819. 



Wotkalgi ('raccoon people'). A clan 

 of the Creeks. 



Wotkalgi.— Gatschet, Creek Migr. Leg., 1,165,1884. 

 Wo'-tko.— Morgan, Anc. Soc, 161, 1878. 



Wovoka ('The Cutter'). A Paiute 

 dreamer and medicine-man, and origi- 

 nator of the Ghost dance; born in w. 

 Nevada about 1856. His father, Tavibo, 

 'White Man,' was also a reputed medi- 

 cine-man, and the son may have inherited 

 the mystic tendency from him. After his 

 father's death the boy was taken into the 

 family of a white rancher from whom he 

 received the name of Jack Wilson, by 

 which he was commonly known among 

 the whites. He was still alive in 1905, 

 but had lost in large measure his former 

 influence. For an account of his super- 

 natural mission, see Ghost dance. Con- 

 sult Mooney, Ghost Dance Religion, 14th 

 Rep. B. A. E., 1896. 



Wowol. A former Yokuts (Mariposan) 

 tribe that livednear the Tachi and Chunut, 

 N. or E. of Tulare lake, Cal. With the 

 Chunut they ceded their lands to the 

 United States by treaty of June 3, 1851, 

 excepting a strip from Tulare to Buena 

 Vista lake. In 1857 they, with the Tachi, 

 numbered 175. 



Wah-wol.— Wessells (1853) in H. R. Ex. Doc. 76, 

 34th Cong., 3d sess., 32, 1857. Woo--wells.— Lewis in 

 Ind. Aff. Rep. 1857, 400, 1858. Wo-woL— Barbour 

 jn Sen. Ex. Doc. 4, 32d Cong., spec, sess., 256, 1853. 



Wright, Allen. A Choctaw preacher, 

 born in Mississippi about 1825; he emi- 

 grated with most of the tribe to Indian 

 Ter. in 1832, his parents dying soon after- 

 ward, leaving him and a sister. He had 

 a strain of white blood, probably one- 

 eighth or one-sixteenth. In his youth 

 he lived some time in the family of the 

 Rev. Cyrus Kingsbury, a Presbyterian 

 missionary, and began his education in 

 a missionary day-school near Doaksville. 

 While here he was converted to the 

 Christian faith, and soon after entered 

 Spencer Academy in the Choctaw Nation. 

 By reason of his studious habits he was 

 sent by the Choctaw authorities to a 

 school in Delaware, but afterward went 

 to Union College, Schenectady, N. Y., 

 where he was graduated in 1852. He 

 then took a full course in Union Theo- 

 logical Seminary, New York City, being 

 graduated in 1855, and in the following 

 year was ordained by the Indian Presby- 

 tery. Returning to his people in Indian 

 Ter., he preached to them until his death 

 in 1885. His people appreciating his abil- 

 ity and uprightness, Mr Wright was called 

 to affairs of state, being elected succes- 

 sively a member of the Choctaw House of 

 Representatives and the Senate, and after- 

 ward Treasurer. In 1866, after the Civil 

 War, he was sent to Washington as a 

 delegate to negotiate a new treaty with 

 the United States, and during his absence 

 was elected principal chief of the Choc- 

 taw Nation, an oflBce which he held until 



