BULL. SO] 



XIABD YAAGA 



^81 



are given in the same document as one 

 of the tribes living n. of the mission, 

 the two names probably applied to the 

 same tribe, the Ervipiame(Fr.Isidro Felix 

 de Espinosa, ' ' Relacion Compendiosa ' ' of 

 the Rio Grande missions, MS. in the ar- 

 chives of the College of Santa Cruz de 

 Queretaro). (n. e. b. ) 



Xiabu. A village, probably Coahuilte- 

 can, encountered in Coahuila in 1089 by 

 De Leon (Derrotero, jMS. ), 5 leagues s. of 

 the Kio Grande, when on his way to Texas. 



Xinesi (probably pronounced che-na'- 

 se). The high-priest of the Hasinai con- 

 federacy of E. Texas. The bonds of this 

 confederacy, which included about a 

 dozen tribes, seem to have been rather 

 more religious than political. The Hai- 

 nai was regarded as the head tribe, and 

 what gave it its prestige was the location 

 on its western border, near Angelina r., 

 of the chief temple containing the sacred 

 fire, from which directly or indirectly 

 all the household fires were kindled. 

 For religious purposes there was first a 

 sub-grouping of the confederacy. Thus, 

 for ordinary occasions, the Neche and 

 Hainai tribes held their ceremonies and 

 festivals together, while the Na<;ogdoche 

 and Nasoni formed another group. But 

 many of their religious and social func- 

 tions included the whole confederacy. 

 Such were held at the chief fire temple. 

 Presiding over this temple was the head 

 priest called the xinesi, or chenesi. Ac- 

 cording to Espinosa, chenesi seems to 

 have been a general term meaning 

 priest, yet even he ordinarily restricted 

 the name to this head priest. Terdn, 

 Jesus Maria, and Massanet agree in 

 regarding the xined as the highest 

 individual authority in the group, but 

 they do not give the same view as to 

 the nature of his position. Massanet 

 regarded him as a high priest; Espinosa 

 regarded him mainly in this light, but 

 testified that his authority was superior 

 to that of any chief; Jesus Maria calls 

 him not only a priest, but also a "little 

 king," and tells of his great authority as 

 a ruler. The details given as to his func- 

 tions, however, indicate that he was pri- 

 marily a priest, but that through his 

 personal dignity and priestly influence 

 he outranked all others, and that his 

 word had great authority in civil as well 

 as in religious affairs. 



The xinesi lived, as has been indicated, 

 in the center of the confederacy, near 

 Angelina r., w. of Nacogdoches. Accord- 

 ing to Jesus Maria, his office was heredi- 

 tary, and the inference from all circum- 

 stances is that it was attached to the 

 Hainai tribe. The most important duty 

 of the xinesi was to care for the fire 

 temple near his house, and to consult 

 the Coninisi, or fictitious twin boys, by 



means of which he talked with the Great 

 Chief Above. The early writers convey 

 the impression that the xinesi was a per- 

 son of great dignity, doing no manual 

 labor, and commanding great personal 

 respect. He was fed and clothed, we 

 are told, by community gifts, to insure 

 w^hich he sometimes preyed upon the 

 superstition of his people. At the house 

 of each caddi, or civil chief, and of each 

 of the other dignitaries, a special seat 

 of honor and a bed were scrupulously 

 reserved for the use of the xinesi during 

 his visits. (Consult Espinosa, Cronica 

 Apostolica, pt. I, 421, 424, 425, 432, 1746; 

 Jesus Maria, Relacion, 1691, MS.; Massa- 

 net, Carta, in Quar. Tex. Hist. Asso., ii, 

 305-312, 1899; Tenln, Descripcion y Diaria 

 Demarcacion, 1691, in Mem. de Nueva 

 Espana, xxvii, 48, MS.) (h. e. b.) 



Xisca. A village, presumably Costa- 

 noan, formerly connected with San Juan 

 Bautista mission, Cal. 



Xisca.— Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Nov. 23, 1860. 

 Xiscaca.— Englehardt, Franc, in Cal., 398, 1897. 



Xivirca. A village, presumably Costa- 

 noan, formerly connected with San Juan 

 Bautista mission, Cal. — Taylor in Cal. 

 Farmer, Nov. 23, 1860. 



Xocotoc. A Chumashan village w. of 

 Pueblo de lasCanoas (San Buenaventura) , 

 Ventura co., Cal., in 1542. 

 Xocotoc— Cabrillo. Narr. (1542), in Smith, Colee. 

 Doc. Fla., 181, 1857. Xotococ— U. S. Geog. and 

 Geol. Surv., vir, 307, 1879. 



Xoxi. Mentioned by Oviedo (Hist. 

 Gen. Indies, iii, 628, 1853) as one of the 

 provinces or villages visited by Ayllon, 

 probably on the South Carolina coast, in 

 1520. 



Xuacaya. A province or tribe on the 

 Carolina coast, visited by Ayllon in 1521. — 

 Barcia, Ensayo, 5, 1723. 



Xugua. A Chumashan village, prob- 

 ably identical with Guacaya (q. v.), 

 formerly on Santa Cruz id. (San Lucas of 

 Cabrillo), Cal. 



Ca-wa'.— Henshaw, Buenaventura MS. vocab., 

 B. A. E., 1884 (c=sh). Xugua.— Cabrillo, Narr. 

 (1542), in Smith. Colee. Doe. Fhi., 181, 1857. 

 Xuqua. — Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Apr. 17, 1863. 



Xumis. A former village connected 

 with San Carlos mission, Cal., and said 

 to have belonged to the Esselen. — Taylor 

 in Cal. Farmer, Apr. 20, 1860. 



Xumskhumesilis [XuinsxumesiLis). An 

 ancestor of a Quatsino gens after whom 

 the gens was sometimes named. — Boas in 

 Petermanns Mitteil., pt. 5, 131, 1887. 



Xutis. Mentioned by Oiiate ( Doc. Ined. , 

 XVI, 103, 1871 ) as a pueblo of New Mexico 

 in 1598. Unidentified. 



Yaaga {Ya'-aga, 'little willows'). A 

 former large village that formed the center 

 of the Klamath settlements on William- 

 son r., about a mile from tapper Klamath 

 lake, Oreg., where the Linkville-Ft Kla- 

 math road crosses the stream. — Gatschet 



