984 



YAKONAN FAMILY YAKU 



[b. a. e. 



Yakima. The native name of the Yakima 

 is Wapta ilmim , 'people of the narrow river, ' 

 or Pa'kiufleina, 'people of the gap,' both 

 names referring to the narrows in Yakima 

 r. at Union Gap, where their chief village 

 was formerly situated. Other bands were 

 the Setaslema, of iSetass cr. , and the Pisko, 

 of the lower Yakima. Little is known of 

 the particular customs of the Yakima, but 

 there is no reason to suppose that their 

 life differed greatly from that of the 

 Nez Perces (q. v. ) and other Bhahaptian 

 peoples. Consult Moonev in 14th Rep. 

 B. A. E., pt. 2, 1896. ' (j. m.) 



Cat-sa-nim. — GibV)S in Pac. R. R. Rep., I, 417, 1855 

 (mis(£UC)ting Lewis and Clark). Cutsahnim. — 

 Lewi.sand Clark Exped.,ii, -175. 1814. Cut-sa-nim. — 

 Ind. AfE. Rep., 2.52, 1S54. Cuts-sah-nem.— Clark 

 (1805) in Orig. Joiir. Lewisand Clark, iii, 128, 190.5. 

 Cuts-sah-nim. — Orig. Jour., ibid., vi, 119, 1905. 

 E'yack-im-ah.— Ross, Pur Hunters, I, 185, 1855. 

 laakema.— Hale in U. S. E.xpl. Exped., vi, 213, 1846. 

 I-£kima.— Gatschet, MS., B. A. E. (Okinagan 

 name). Jaakema. — Hale, op. cit., .'69. Pa'kiut- 

 ■lema.— Mooney in 14th Rep. B. A. E., 737, 1896. 

 Pishwanwapum. — Tolmie quoted by Lord, Nat. in 

 Brit. Col., II, 245, 1866. Pshawanwappam.— Keane 

 in Stanford, Compend., ,531, 1878. Shanwap- 

 poms.— Lewis and Clark Exped., ii, 595, 1817. 

 Shanwappones.— Morse, Rep. to Sec. War, 372, 1822. 

 Stobshaddat.— Lord, Nat. in Brit. Col., Il, 246,1866 

 ('robbers': so called by Puget Sound tribes). 

 Takama.— Stevens in Sen. Ex. Doc. 34, 33d Cong., 

 Istsess., 16, 1854. Tobc'-a-dud.— MeCaw, Puyallup 

 MS. vocab., B. A. E., 1885 (Puyallup name). 

 Wa'pametant. — Mooney in 14th Rep. B. A. E., 

 744, 1896. Waptai'lmim.— Mooney, ibid., 737. 

 Yaa'kima. — Chamberlain in Rep." N. W. Tribes 

 Canada, 8, 1892 (Kutenai name; said, by folk- 

 etymology perhaps, to mean 'foot bent toward 

 the instep'). Yacaaws.— Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, 

 I, 521, 1853. Yacamaws. — Lane in Sen. Ex. 

 Doc. 52, 31st Cong., 1st sess., 174, 1850. Yacka- 

 man. — Cox, Columbia R., ii, 14, 1831. Yacka- 

 maws. — Lane in Sen. Ex. Doc. 52, 31st Cong., 1st 

 sess., 8, 18.50. Yaekaws. — Lane in Schoolcraft, 

 Ind. Tribes, iii, 632, 1853. Yackimas.— Dart in 

 Ind. Aff. Rep., 216, 1851. Yacomans.— Smet, New 

 Ind. Sketchis, 92, 1895. Yakamas. — Stevens in 

 Ind. Aff. Rep., '231, 1854. Yakanias.— Douglas in 

 H. R. Misc. Doc. 98, 30th Cong., 1st sess., 15, 1848. 

 Yakemas.— Hale in U. S. Expl. Exped., VI, 213, 

 1846. Yakenia.— Medill in H. R. Ex. Doc. 76,30th 

 Cong., 1st sess.. 6, 1848. Yakima.— Gibbs in Pac. 

 R. R. Rep., 1, 467, 1855. Yakimaw.— Tolmie quoted 

 by Lord, Nat. in Brit. Col., ll, '245, 1866. Yanka- 

 mas — Gray, Hi.st. Oreg., 94, 1870. Yookoomans.— 

 Parker, Jour., 318, 1846. 



Yakonan Family. A linguistic family 

 formerly occupying a territory in w. 

 Oregon, on and adjacent to the coast from 

 Yaquina r. s. to Urapqua r. The family 

 was probably never strong in numbers and 

 of late years has decreased rapidly. The 

 few survivors are on the Biletz res., in 

 Oregon. The family is of considerable 

 ethnologic interest, since it apparently 

 repre.sents the southern limit of a type of 

 culture exhibited particularly by the Chi- 

 nookan, Salishan, and other tribes of the 

 coast of Washington and Vancouver id. 

 The Athapascan tribes of s. Oregon and 

 N. California seem to have been more 

 deeply affected by contact with Califor- 

 nian stocks. 



The Yakonan confoi'med physically to 

 the general type of the N. W. coast and 

 are notable as marking the southern limit 

 in that region of the practice of artificial 



deformation of the head. Their social 

 organization is not fully understood, but 

 there was no totemic clan system, though 

 a tendency to local segregation of groups 

 related by blood was evident in their 

 villages. There was also a preference for 

 marriage outside the tribe, though this 

 did not have the force of an exogamous 

 rule, so far as can be learned. The social 

 orders of nobility and common people, 

 peculiar to the N. W. coast, obtained, and 

 slavery was an institution in full force 

 until the tribes came under the control 

 of the United States. The Yakonan 

 mythology and traditions are distinctly 

 of the type of the coast tribes of Wash- 

 ington, but they show traces of modifi- 

 I'ation by contact with the Californian 

 stocks on the s. The family was com- 

 posed of 4 tribes occupying adjacent dis- 

 tricts, which, from n. to s., were: Yaqui- 

 na, Alsea, Siuslaw, and Kuitsh. These 

 tribes have played an unimportant role 

 in history and little is known of them. 

 On the formation of the 8iletz res. in 

 1855 they were removed thither, and 

 since that time they have declined so 

 rapidly in numbers, principally through 

 the ravages of tuberculosis, that they are 

 now on the verge of extinction, (l. f. ) 

 >Yakones.— Hale in U. S. Expl. Exped., VI, 198, 

 218, 1846 (orlakon, coast of Oregon) ; Buachmann, 

 Spuren der aztek. Sprache, 612, 1859. >Iakon. — 

 Hale in U. S. Expl. Exped., vi, 218, 569, 1846 (or 

 Lower Killamuks); Buschmann, Spuren der 

 aztek. Sprache, 612, 1859. >Jacon. — Gallatin in 

 Trans. Am. Ethnol. Soc, ii, pt. 1, c, 77, 184S. 

 >Jakon, — Gallatin in Trans. Am. Ethnol. Soc, 



II, pt. 1, 17, 1848; Berghaus (1851), Physik. Atlas, 

 map 17, 1852; Gallatin in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, 



III, 402, 18.53 (language of lower Killamuks); 

 Latham in Trans. Philol. Soc. Lond., 73, 1856; 

 Latham, Opuscula, 340, 1860. >Yakon. — Latham, 

 Nat. Hist. Man, 3'24, 1850; Gatschet, in Mag. Am. 

 Hist., 166, 1877; Gatschet in Beach, Ind. Misc., 

 441, 1877; Bancroft, Nat. Races, iii, 565, 640,1882. 

 >Yakona.— Gatschet in Mag. Am. Hist., 256, 1882. 

 = Yakonan. — Powell in 7th Rep., B. A. E., 133, 

 1891. >Southern Killamuks. — Hale in U. S. Expl. 

 Exped., VI, 218, 569, 1S16 (or Yakones); Gallatin 

 in Trans. Am. Ethnol. Soc, ii, 17, 1848 (after Hale). 

 >SiidKillamuk.— Berghaus (1851), Physik. Atlas, 

 map 17, 1852. >Sainstskla,— Latham, Nat. Hist. 

 Man, 325,1850 (".south of the Yakon, between the 

 Umkwaand thesea"). >Sayuskla.— Gatschet in 

 Mag. Am. Hist., 257, 1882 (on Lower Umpqua, 

 .Sayiiskla, and Smith rivers). >Killiwashat.— 

 Latham, Nat. Hist. Man, 325, 1850 (" mouth of the 

 Umkwa"). XKlamath.— Keane in Stanford, 

 Compend., Cent, and So. Am., 475, 1878 (cited as 

 including Yacons) . 



Yaku ( Yak.'u), A Haida town of the 

 Dostlan-lnagai family, that formerly stood 

 on the N. w. coast of Graham id., opposite 

 North id.. Queen Charlotte ids., Brit. 

 Col. This town, or it and the neighbor- 

 ing one of Kiusta together, may be that 

 designated Lu-lan-na by John Work, 

 1836-41, to which he assigned 20 houses 

 and 296 people. Old people remember 

 4 large houses and 4 small ones in Yaku, 

 and 9 houses in Kiusta. This would 

 seem to indicate a population in Yaku 

 proper of about 100 to 120. (.i. R. .s. ) 



Ia'k'6.— Boas, lith Rep. N. W. Tribes Can., 22, 

 1898. Kakoh.— Dawson, Q. Charlotte Ids., 162b, 



