086 



YALACASOOCHE YAMASEE 



[b. a. b. 



recognized the Yakwal language as a di- 

 alect of their own and believed that the 

 separation had been caused by a flood. 

 See Yojuane. (a. s. g.) 



Yalacasooche. A former Seminole town 

 at the mouth of Ocklawaha r., Putnam 

 CO., Fla.— H. R. Ex. Doc. 74 (1823), 19th 

 Cong., Istsess., 27, 1826. 



Yalaka. A former Seminole town 35 

 m. w. of Volusia or Dexter, in w. Marion 

 CO., Fla. 



Amathlas.— H. R. Doc. 7S, 25tli Cong., 2d sess., 

 map, 768-9, 1838. Charles Old Town.— Drake, Book 

 Inds.. bk.iv, 151,1848 (probably identical). Char- 

 ley Emathla's Town. — Tavlor, War map of Fla., 

 1839. Yalaka.— H. R. Ex. Doc. 74(1823), 19th Cong., 

 1st ses.s., 27, 1826. 



Yalik. A Kaniagmiut Eskimo village 

 on Nuka bay, e. coast of Kenai penin., 

 Alaska; pop. 32 in 1880.— Petroff in Tenth 

 Census, Alaska, 29, 1884. 



Yalisumni. A former Maidu village 

 near Salmon Falls, on the s. side of the 

 South fork of American r., Eldorado co., 

 Cal.— Dixon in Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. 

 Hist., XVII, map, 1905. 



Yamacraw. A detached town of the 

 Creek confederacy, formerly on Yama- 

 craw bluff, on the s. bank of Savannah 

 r., in what is now the western suburb of 

 Savannah, Ga. It was settled about 1730 

 by a small party of outlawed Creeks, with 

 a few Yamasee, numbering in all about 

 17 or 18 families and 30 or 40 men, under 

 the leadership of Toniochichi (q. v.), who 

 for "somemiachief intheirown country" 

 had been driven out from among the 

 Lower Creek towns. In 1732 they asked 

 and received from the South Carolina 

 government formal permission to remain 

 in their new settlement, and on the arrival 

 of the Georgia colony under Oglethorpe 

 in the next year Tomochichi made him- 

 self instrumental in bringing about a 

 treaty between Georgia and the Lower 

 Creeks, resulting in a reconciliation be- 

 tween himself and his tribe, with permis- 

 sion to bring other friends from the Creek 

 towns to settle at the new location. The 

 site was reserved by the Indians for their 

 own use, but was probably abandoned 

 soon after the death of Tomochichi in 

 1739. 



The Indians of Yamacraw were not a 

 distinct tribe, as has frequently been rep- 

 resented, but simply a refugee band of 

 Creeks, who returned to their original 

 homes after the ban had been removed. 

 At the same time it seems evident that it 

 was composed largely of descendants of 

 those who had lived formerly in this 

 neighborhood and had subsequently re- 

 tired among the Creeks. The name is of 

 uncertain etymology and seems to be a 

 corrupted form, the Creek language hav- 

 ing no r; neither has it any apparent con- 

 nection with Yamasee. Nevertheless it 

 should be compared with the Yamiscaron 



recorded as far back as the expedition of 

 Ay lion in 1520-21. Consult Gatschet, 

 Creek Migr. Leg., i, ii, 1884, 1888; Jones, 

 Hist. Sketch of Tomochichi, 1868; Jones, 

 Hist, of Ga. , 1 883. (j. m. j. r. s. ) 



Yamacraw. — Moore (1744) in Ga. Hist. Soc. Coll., 

 I, 103, 1840. Yammacraw.— Morse, N. A., 208, 1776. 



Yamako. A former Maidu village, 

 about 9 m. e. of Nevada City, Nevada 

 CO., Cal. 



Yamagatock. — Bancroft, Nat. Races, I, 4.50, 1S74 

 (probably identical). Yamako. — Dixon in Bull. 

 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., xvii; map, 1905. Yumaga- 

 tock. — Bancroft, op. cit. 



Yamasee (a name of uncertain etymol- 

 ogy, and evidently an abl>reviated form). 

 A former noted tribe of Muskhogean 

 stock, best known in connection with early 

 South Carolina history, but apparently 

 occupying originally the coast region antl 

 islands of s. Georgia, and extending into 

 Florida. From their residence near 

 Savannah r. they have frequently been 

 confused with the "Savannahs," or 

 Shawano, and the Yuchi. Missions 

 were established in their territory by 

 the Spaniards about 1570, and they lived 

 under the jurisdiction of the Spanish 

 government of Florida until 1687, when, 

 in consequence of an attempt to transport 

 a number of their peoj^le as laborers to 

 the West Indies, they revolted, attacked 

 a numl^er of the mission settlements and 

 peaceful Indians, and then fled n. across 

 Savannah r. to the English colony of 

 South Carolina. They were allowed to 

 settle within the present limits of Beau- 

 fort CO., where at a later period they 

 had several villages, the principal of 

 which was Pocotaligo; others were Tole- 

 mato and Topiqui ( ?). They aided against 

 theTuscarora in 1712, but in 1715, incon- 

 sequence of dissatisfaction with the trad- 

 ers, organized a combination against the 

 English which included all, or nearly all, 

 the tribes from C Fear to the Florida 

 border. The traders were slaughtered in 

 the Indian towns and a general massacre 

 of settlers took place along the Carolina 

 frontier. After several engagements the 

 Yamasee were finally defeated by Gov. 

 Craven at Salkechuh (Saltketchers) on 

 the Combahee and driven across the Sa- 

 vannah. They retired in a body to 

 Florida where they were again received 

 by the Spaniards and settled in villages 

 near St Augustine. From that time they 

 were known as allies of the Spaniards and 

 enemies of the English, against whom 

 they made frequent raids in company 

 with other Florida Indians. A small 

 part of them also appear to have taken 

 refuge with the Catawba, where, accord- 

 ing to Adair, they still retained their 

 separate identity in 1743. In 1727 their 

 village near St Augustine was attacked and 

 destroyed by the English, and their Indian 

 allies and most of the inhabitants were 



