fitJLL. 80] 



YANKTON 



989 



located about the headwaters of the Mis- 

 sissippi. Both these references would 

 seem to apply as well to the Yanktonai 

 as to the Yankton; it is probable that both 

 are referred to under one general name. 

 La Chesnaye ( 1697) included them among 

 the tribes that dwelt n. of Mille Lac, and 

 placed them n. of the Santee and other 

 Sioux. Le Sueur (1700), however, speaks 

 of a village or tribe of the western Sioux 

 (Margry, Dec, vi, 87, 1887), the Hinha- 

 netons, identified by Shea, probably cor- 

 rectly, with the Yankton, which he calls 

 the " village of the quarry of red stone." 

 If this refers, as is maintained by Wil- 

 liamson, to the pipestone quarry in ex- 

 treme s. w. Minnesota, it would indicate a 

 sudden change of residence, unless the 

 references are in one place to one and 

 in another to the other tribe, or apply to 

 different villages or bands. Williamson 

 (Minn. Hist. Coll., i, 296, 1860) consid- 

 ered the Hinhanetons a part only of the 

 Yankton. There are indications that a 

 westward movement took place about the 

 time Le Sueur visited that region. On 

 De 1' Isle's map of 1708 the Yankton are 

 placed on the e. bank of the Missouri, 

 about the site of Sioux City, Iowa. For 

 about a century they dropped almost 

 entirely from history, there being scarcely 

 a notice of them except as included in 

 the general term Sioux. When they were 

 again brought to notice by Lewis and 

 Clark (1804) they had shifted but little 

 from the position they occupied at the 

 beginning of the previous century. 

 According to these explorers they roamed 

 over the regions of the James, Big Sioux, 

 and Des Moines rs. Lewis, in his Sta- 

 tistical View, locates them on James, 

 Big and Little Sioux, Floyd, and Des 

 Moines rs., an area that includes the 

 district of the pipestone quarry, where 

 Le Sueur placed them. From this time 

 they became an important factor in 

 the history of the N. W. Long (1823) 

 says that they are in every respect similar 

 to the Yanktonai and had probably sepa- 

 rated from them. They frequented the 

 Missouri and generally trafficked with 

 the traders on that river. Their hunting 

 grounds were e. of the Missouri. Drake 

 (1848) located them in 1836 about the 

 headwaters of Red r. of the North. Ac- 

 cording to the Report on Indian Affairs 

 for 1842 and a statement by Ramsey in 

 1849 they lived along Vermillion r., S. 

 Dak. At the time of the Minnesota out- 

 break in 1862 their head chief, Palanea- 

 pape, wisely kept them from joining the 

 hostiles, and sent warning to the white 

 people in Dakota to flee to the forts, 

 thereby saving hundreds of lives. By 

 the treaty of Washington, Apr. 19, 1858, 

 they ceded all their lands in South Da- 

 kota, excepting a reservation on the n. 



bank of Missouri r., where they have 

 since remained in peace with the whites. 

 Immediately after the allotment act of 

 1887 the process of allotments in severalty 

 began on this reservation and was com- 

 pleted Vjefore the close of 1890. 



Lewis, in his Statistical View (1807), 

 says the Yankton are the best disposed 

 Sioux who rove on the banks of the Mis- 

 souri, but they would not suffer any 

 trader at that date to ascend the river if 

 they could prevent it. Lewis and Clark 

 describe them as being in person stout, 

 well proportioned, and exhibiting a cer- 

 tain air of dignity and boldness. Their 

 dress is described as differing in no respect 

 from that of other bands encountered. 

 They had then only a few guns, being 

 generally armed with bows and arrows,, 

 in the use of which they did not appear as 

 expert as the more northerly Indians. 

 Pike describes them and the Yanktonai 

 as never stationary, but, like the Teton, 

 as more erratic than other Sioux. Lewis 

 (1807) estimated their number at 700. 

 Pike (1807) estimated the population of 

 the Yankton and Yanktonai at 4,300. 

 The Report on Indian Affairs for 1842 

 gives the Yankton a population of 2,500; 

 in 1862 the estimate was 3,000; in 1867, 

 2,530; in 1886, 1,776. Their present num- 

 ber is not definitely known, the Yankton 

 and the Yanktonai being seemingly con- 

 fused on the different Sioux reservations. 

 Most of the Indians under the Yankton 

 school, S. Dak., are Yankton, and num- 

 bered in all 1,739 in 1909. There were 

 also about 100 under the Fort Totten 

 school, N. Dak., a few under the Crow 

 Creek school, S. Dak., and a few others 

 under the Lower Brule school, S. Dak. 

 The so-called Yankton on the Fort Peck 

 res., Mont., are really Yanktonai. 



The bands as given by J. O. Dorsey 

 (1878) areas follows: Chankute, Chagu, 

 Wakmuhaoin, Ihaisdaye, Wacheunpa, 

 Ikmun, Oyateshicha, and .Washichun- 

 chincha. Culbertson (Smithson. Rep. 

 1850, 141, 1851) mentions a "Band who 

 do not cook," and another " Who eat no 

 geese," which can not be identified with 

 anv of these divisions; and Schoolcraft 

 (Ind. Tribes, in, 612, 1853) incorrectly 

 makes Wahnaataa, the name of one of the 

 Yankton bands. (c.t. ) 



Amitons. — La Chesnaye(1697) in Margry, D^c, vi, 

 6, 1886. E-hawn-k'-t'-wawns. — Ramsev in Ind. 

 Aff. Rep. for 1849, 86. 1850. Hanctons.— Hennepin, 

 New Discov., map, 1698. Hanetones.— Barcia, En- 

 sayo, 238, 1723. Hannetons. — MeKenneyand Hall, 

 Ind. Tribes, ni, 80, 1854. Hinhaneton.-Alcedo, 

 Die. Geog., li, 362, 17S7. Hinhanetons.— Le Sueur 

 (1700) in Margry, D^c, vi, 87, 1886, Hinkaneton.— 

 Morse, Hist. Am., map, 1798. Honctons.— Bacque- 

 ville de la Potherie, Hi.^t. Am., ii, map, 1753. 

 Iha'gtawaKataxka.— Gatschet.MS,, B. A. E, (Paw- 

 nee name), Ihanketwans.— Ramsey in Ind. AfF. 

 Rep. 1849, 72, 1860, Ihank'ta"win,— Dorsey , Dhegiha 

 MS. diet., B. A. E,.1878 (Omaha and I'oricaname). 

 Ihagktogwan.— Riggs, Dakota Gram, and Diet., 

 viii, 1852. Ihanktonwans.— Ind. Aff. Rep., 564, 



