1000 



YONALUS YOPON 



[b. a. e. 



the present Bryson City, N. Car. , on the 

 site of the ancient Kituhwa. He after- 

 ward moved over to Oconaluftee, and 

 finally, after the removal, gathered his 

 people about him and settled with them 

 on Soco cr. on lands purchased for them 

 by Thomas. He was a prophet and re- 

 former as well as a chief. When about 

 60 years of age he had a severe illness, 

 terminating in a trance, during which 

 his people mourned him as dead. At 

 the end of 24 hours, however, he awoke 

 to consciousness and announced that he 

 had been to the spirit world, where he 

 had talked with friends who had gone 

 before, and with God, who had sent him 

 back with a message to the Indians, 

 promising to call him again at a later 

 time. From that day until his death his 

 words were listened to as those of one 

 inspired. He had been somewhat ad- 

 dicted to liquor, but now, on the recom- 

 mendation of Thomas, not only stopped 

 drinking himself, but organized his tribe 

 into a temperance society. To accom- 

 plish this he called his people together 

 in council, and, after clearly pointing out 

 to them the serious effect of intemper- 

 ance, in an eloquent speech that moved 

 some of his audience to tears, he declared 

 that God had permitted him to return to 

 earth especially that he might thus warn 

 his people and banish whisky from 

 among them. He then had Thomas write 

 out a pledge, which was signed first by 

 the chief and then by each one of the 

 council, and from that time until after 

 his death whisky was unknown among 

 the East Cherokee. Although frequent 

 pressure was brought to bear to induce 

 him and his people to remove to the W., 

 he firmly resisted every persuasion, de- 

 claring that the Indians were safer from 

 aggression among their rocks and moun- 

 tains than they could ever be in a land 

 which the white man could find profit- 

 able, and that the Cherokee could be 

 happy only in the country where nature 

 had planted him. While counseling 

 peace and friendship with the white 

 man, he held always to his Indian faith 

 and was extremely suspicious of mission- 

 aries. On one occasion, after the first 

 Bible translation into the Cherokee lan- 

 guage and alphabet, some one brought a 

 copy of Matthew from New Echota, but 

 Yonaguska would not allow it to be read 

 to his people until it had first been read 

 to himself. After listening to one or two 

 chapters the old chief dryly remarked: 

 "Well, it seems to be a good book — 

 strange that the white people are not 

 better, after having had it so long." He 

 died, aged about 80, in Apr. 1839, within 

 a year after the removal. Shortly before 

 the end he had himself carried into the 

 townhouse on Soco cr., of which he had 



supervised the building, wnere, extended 

 on a couch, he made a last talk to his 

 people, commending Thomas to them as 

 their chief and again warning them ear- 

 nestly against ever leaving their own 

 country. Then wrapping his blanket 

 around him, he quietly lay back and 

 died. He was buried beside Soco, about 

 a mile below the old Macedonia mission, 

 with a rude mound of stones to mark the 

 spot. He left two wives and consider- 

 able property, including an old negro 

 slave named Cudjo, who was devotedly 

 attached to him. One of his daughters, 

 Katalsta, still (1909) survives, and is the 

 last conservator of the potter's art among 

 the East Cherokee. ( j. m. ) 



Yonalus. Mentioned by Onate (Doc. 

 In^d., XVI, 113, 1871) as a pueblo of New 

 Mexico in 1598. Doubtless situated in 

 the Salinas, in the vicinity of Abo, e. of 

 the Rio Grande. It seemingly pertained 

 to either the Tigua or the Piro. 

 Xonalus.— Bancroft, Ariz, and N. Mex., 135, 1889 

 (misprint). Yonalins — Columbus Mem. Vol., 164, 

 1893 (misprint.) 



Yoncopin. See Wam2)apw. 



Yonh ( ' hickory-nut ' ) . A Yuchi clan. 

 Y6"h taha.— Gatschet, Uehee MS., B. A. E., 71, 

 1885 (='hic;kory-nut gens'). 



Yonkalla. The southernmost Kala- 

 pooian tribe, formerly living on Elk and 

 Calapooya crs., tributaries of Umpqua r., 

 Oreg. According to Gatschet there were 

 two bands, called Chayankeld and Tsan- 

 tokayu by the Lakmiut, but it seems 

 likely that the former name (Teh' Ayan- 

 ke'ld) is merely the native tribal name. 

 The tribe is jirobably extinct, (l. f. ) 

 Ayankeld. — Gatschet in Jour. Am. Folk-lore, xii, 

 212, 1899. Jamkallie.— Latham in Jour. Ethnol. 

 Soc. Lond., 1, 158, 1848. Teh' Ayanke'ld.— Gatschet, 

 Calapooya MS., B. A. E., 1877 ('tliose living at 

 Ayankeld': ownname). YamkaUie. — Scouler in 

 Jour. Roy. Geog. Soc, xi, 225, 1841. Yamkally.— 

 Bancroft, Nat. Races, in, 565, 1882. YoncoUa.— 

 McClane in Ind. Aff. Rep., 184, 1887. Yonkalla.— 

 Gatschet in Jour. Am. Folk-lore, xii, 212, 1899. 

 Youlolla.— Ind. Aff. Rep., 422, 1888. 



Yonora. A former Tepehuane pueblo 

 in Durango, INIexico; the seat of the mis- 

 sion of San Miguel. 

 S. Miguel Yonora.— OrozcoyBerra, Geog., 318, 1864. 



Yontuh ( ' acorn ' ). A Yuchi clan. 

 Yontu'h taha.— Gatschet, Uchee MS., B. A. E., 71, 

 1885 ( = ' acorn gens'). 



Yoo ( ' beads ' ) . A Navaho clan. 

 Ybo.— Matthews in Jour. Am. Folk-lore, ill, 104, 

 1890. 



Yopon (ymipon). (1) The Southern 

 traders' name of Jlex cassine, an elegant 

 species of holly growing to a height of 10 

 or 15 feet in close proximity to the coast. 

 (2) A beverage prepared from the tor- 

 refied leaves, and possessing the prop- 

 erties of an exhilarant and gentle diuretic. 

 This beverage, called by the British trad- 

 ers "black drink" (q. v.), from the color 

 of the strong infusion, was drunk by the 

 Creeks at their "busk" (see Busl), and 

 by the elders when assembled in council 



