BULL. 30] 



YTA YUCHI 



1003 



Ascanis. — LaHarpe (1719), op. cit. Haiscas.— 

 Royal cedula of 1752, op. cit. (identical?). His- 

 cas. — Ibid., 1748. Hyscanis. — Kerlorec (1753), 

 Projet de Paix, in Jour. Soc. des AmericanisteH 

 de Paris, n. s., iii, no. 1, 72, 1900. Isconis. — Men- 

 doza (1(584), op. cit. Ixcanis.— Morti {ca. 1782), 

 op. cit. Izacanis.— Cabello, Informe, 1784, MS. 

 Yscan.— Gonzalez (1770), MS. letter in the Arch- 

 ivo Gen. MO.x. Yscanes. — Melchor Afan de Ri- 

 vera (17(58), letter to lingo O'Conor, MS. in Bt'xar 

 Archives. Ysconis, — Mendoza (1(584), op. cit. 



Yta. A ])rovince or village visited by 

 Ayllon, ])rubiibly mi the South Carolina 

 coast, in 1520. It was then under the 

 chief Datha. 



Itha. -Barcia, Ensavo, 4, 1723. Yta. — Oviedo, 

 Hist. Gen. Indies, iii, 628, 1853. Ytha.— Barcia, 

 op. cit. 



Ytriza. Mentioned by Onate (Doc. 

 Ined., XVI, 103, 1871) as a pueblo of New 

 Mexico in 1598. 



Yubuincariri. A tribe or band, proba- 

 bly Shohihonean, living w. of Green r., 

 Utah, in 1776. 



lumbucanis.— Taylor in Cal. Farmer, Jan. 31, 

 1862. Jumbuicrariri. — Miihlenpfordt, Mejico, ll, 

 538, 1842. Yubuincarini. — Escalante quoted by 

 Duro, Don Diego de I'enalosa, 142, 18S2. Yubuiii- 

 cariris. — Domingnez and Escalante (177C) in Doc. 

 Hist. Me.x., 2d .s., I, 537, 1851. 



Yucaipa {'wet lands'). A former vil- 

 lage of the Serranos e. of Redlands, s. Cal. 

 Yucaipa. — Caballeria, Hist. San Bernardino Val. 

 39, 1902; Kroeber in Univ. Cal. Pub., Am. Arch, 

 and Eth.. viir, 33, 1908. Yukaipa.— Kroeber, ibid., 

 39. Yukaipat. — Kroeber, ibid., 34 (Serrano name). 



Yucca. The yucca was perhaps the 

 most useful plant known to the Indians 

 of its habitat, which incluiled the South- 

 ern states, the Rocky mtn. region, and 

 the Great Plains as far n. as the Dakotas. 

 Yucca gloriusu is a native of Virginia, and 

 Y. filanientusa ranges southward from that 

 state. It was the "silk grass" so often 

 mentioned by early writers on Virginia. 

 The tribes making most use of this plant 

 are the Comanche, Apache, Navaho, Pue- 

 blos, Ilavasujiai, Mohave, Pima, Papago, 

 Maricopa, Walapai, Paiute, Panamint,and 

 Dieguefius. Thereare innumerable speci- 

 mens of sandals, cordage, etc., from caves 

 and cliff-houses showing the use of yucca 

 by the ancient Southwestern tril>es, and 

 that the Southern tribes valued the fiber 

 is indubitable. The fruit of Y. baccata 

 and }'. (jliuica is used for food by tlie Zufii, 

 Navaho, Apache, and other tribes of New 

 Mexico and Arizona, and the flowers of 

 Y. Jilainentoaa and )'. yloriosa were eaten 

 by the Virginia Indians and tribes farther 

 s. The roots were the only soap (amole) 

 known to the Southwestern tribes, and 

 the Pueblos especially use it for washing 

 the hair, for which purpose it is a god- 

 send in a territory where the water is 

 generally alkaline. The Kiowa added 

 the roots to a preparation usc(l in tanning 

 skins (see SL-in-drexxitif/). The Navaho 

 made green dye from the chopped leaves 

 of Y. baccata in conjunction with another 

 plant, and the Zuni used the juice ex- 

 tracted, by boiling, from the fruit of Y. 

 glauca, in the manufacture and decoration 



of pottery. The dried flower stalk is an 

 excellent material for fire-drills (Apache, 

 Zuni, cliff-dwellers). The Zuili shredded 

 the stalk, after boiling, to procure a strong, 

 straight fiber, which they extracted with 

 their teeth. Hairbrushes were made 

 from coarse yucca fibers by many tribes 

 of the extreme S. W., and the Pue- 

 blos used thin strips of the leaf as paint 

 brushes in decorating pottery, masks, 

 tablets, dolls, prayer-sticks, etc. In bas- 

 ketry the leaves and slender fil)rous roots 

 were extensively used for making trays, 

 plates, bowls, and mats for household u.se 

 and to shroud the dead. The most use- 

 ful product of the yucca was its excellent 

 fiber, which was u.sed in straight bunches 

 or twisted into cord for making nets, 

 noose snares, bowstrings, sandals, cloth, 

 and warp for rabbit-skin and feather 

 robes, and for sewing and tying, the leaves 

 or strips of them often being u.sed in the 

 natural state for the latter purpo.se. For 

 twisting the fiber into cord the Papago 

 had a simple device which was whirled 

 in the hand. The net of the carrying 

 frame {kilni) of the Pima and Papago is 

 elaborately worked and resembles lace. 

 Dried flower stalks of the yucca were car- 

 ried in certain Zuni ceremonies, and the 

 leaves were used for simulating flagella- 

 tion in an initiation rite by the Hopi and 

 other Pueblos. (w. h.) 



Yuchi ('situated yonder,' probably 

 given by some Indians of the tribe in 

 answer to the inquiry "Who are you?" 

 or " Whence come you?"). A tribe co- 

 extensive with the IJchean family ((]. v. ). 

 Recent investigations jxtintstrongly to the 

 conclusion that the Westo referred to by 

 early Carolina exjjlorersand settlers, and 

 from whom Savaimah r. was orginally 

 named, were the Yuchi. It is uncertain 

 whether the Stono, whose name is some- 

 times coupled with the Westo, were re- 

 lated to them, or whether the two tribes 

 have been confused on acccjunt of a simi- 

 larity in designation. The early writers 

 also state that the Westo were driven out 

 of their country in 1681 by the Savannah 

 (Shawnee), but this must mean only a 

 part of them. Another name applied to 

 at least the northernmost Yuchi was Ho- 

 gologee. These different names liave 

 caused much confusion, and standard 

 maps of the 18th century have Westos, 

 Hogologees, and Yuchi (or lichee) noted 

 independently. It is probable, however, 

 that all of these were Yuchi, rejtresenting, 

 instead of separate tribes, a number of 

 successive migrations of Yuchi from Sa- 

 vannah r. to the Chattahoochee — the 

 Westo being those driven out by the 

 Shawnee, the Hogologee those who emi- 

 grated with the Apalachicola after the 

 Yamasee war, and the Yuchi those who 

 changed their place of abotle between 1 729 



