OF THE BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY. XXIII 
EXPLORATIONS IN THE SOUTHWEST. 
WORK OF MR. STEVENSON. 
Mr. James Stevenson with a small party continued the ex- 
plorations in Arizona and New Mexico which had been before 
prosecuted as reported in previous years. He explored several 
large and important ruins in Northeastern Arizona, where he 
made some valuable collections, including skeletons, skulls, 
ancient pottery, and bone and stone implements. At the ruins 
of Tally-Hogan the party discovered the ancient burial ground 
of the inhabitants. This was in the sand dunes, a series of 
which surrounds the western side of the ruins. Heretofore it 
has been supposed that the Indians buried their dead among 
the rocks on the mesa sides. Their mode of burial, as now 
ascertained, was to place the dead at the foot of a sand dune 
and to cover the body, together with some implements and 
other articles which had belonged to the deceased, with sand. 
Many vases and bowls and other small objects were found in 
the graves. 
Mr. Stevenson subsequently visited the seven Moki villages 
in Arizona, from which he obtained important information as 
well as a collection of their household and other utensils. The 
work of this party for the field season was concluded by an 
examination of two distinct classes of ancient ruins in Ari- 
zona, one about 10 miles northeast, the other about 15 miles 
southeast of Flagstaff. The former consisted of sixty or more 
cave dwellings, situated on the summit of a round lava-capped 
hill. The dwellings are close together and were carved 
out beneath the hard shelter rock of lava, under which the 
material was rather loose, readily yielding to the rude stone 
implements used in making the excavations. In these dwell- 
ings fragments of ornamented pottery were discovered resem- 
bling somewhat the ancient pottery so abundant in many por- 
tions of Arizona, and specimens of it were collected. Other 
objects, such as metates, stone axes, mullers, and corn cobs, 
were found in the excavations, and the seeds of several species 
of small grain were scattered through them. Fragments of 
