OF THE BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY. XXVII 
those of Arizona examined and reported on by him during the 
spring of 1883. 
He thinks that the primitive house building Indians, al- 
though they at first practiced burial by interment, carried the 
remains of their dead (judging by the cemeteries under dis- 
cussion) to great distances from their permanent homes. This 
would partly account for the delay in discovering Pueblo burial 
places. He is further of the opinion that afterward, when the 
present methods of terraced communal architecture (induced 
by defensive considerations and productive of conditions and 
populations rendering interments impracticable) began to pre- 
yail, water sepulture came into vogue. According to Zuni 
tradition, this was performed by cremating the bodies and 
carrying the remains to sacred springs, or lagunes, into which 
they were cast. 
In seeking later to locate the ‘‘ Seven Cities of Cibola,” Mr. 
Cushing made linguistic, geographic, and traditional studies 
relative to the succession of architectural types in the South- 
west, with the following results. 
The ancestral Pueblos, of whom the Zuni are markedly the 
modern representatives, dwelt. 
(1) In conical, circular brush shelters or lodges (Hani-pon- 
ne, from ha-we, dried brush, branches, or leaves, and pdé-ne, 
placed convergingly or covering over circularly). 
(2) In lodges of masonry of lava stones laid up dry, but 
plastered (H¢é-sho-ta-pon-ne, from he-sho, wax rock; ta-we, 
wood, timber, and pdé-ne), from which rude circular struct- 
ures the rectangular shapes were developed, through crowding 
together on limited mesa sites many houses in rows, each 
most economically separated from those contiguous by straight 
partition walls. 
(3) In solitary hamlets or scattered houses, distributed ac- 
cording to the occurrence of water and accommodating lim- 
ited families or numbers engaged in horticultural operations. 
(Hence the name for a single house, K4a4-kwin-ne, from K‘id- 
we, water, and kwin-ne, place of.) 
(4) In cliff and canon houses, or cave buildings, resorted 
