THOMAS. | MOUNDS OF THE KANAWHA VALLEY. 53 
21). In each hand were three spear-heads of black flint, and others 
were about the head, knees, and feet. Near the right hand were two 
hematite celts, and on the shoulder were three large and thick plates of 
mica. About the shoulders, waist, and thighs were numerous minute 
perforated shells and shell beads. 
While filling in the excavation, the pipe represented in Fig. 22 was 

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Fic. 22.— Pipe from mound, Kanawha County, West Virginia. 
found in the dirt which had been removed from it. This pipe has been 
carved out of gray steatite and highly polished. It is worthy of note 
that it is precisely of the form described by Adair as made by the 
Cherokees, and also that it approaches very near to an Ohio type 
(Fig. 23). 

Fic. 23.—Pipe from mound, Butler County, Ohio. 
Another mound of rather large size, in the same locality, was opened 
by the Bureau assistant. 
In order that all the facts bearing on its uses may be understood it 
is necessary to notice its immediate surroundings. 
Plate V is a map showing the ancient works in the valley of 
the Kanawha, from 3 to 5 miles below Charleston, and Plate VI is 
an enlarged plat of the area embracing those numbered I, If and 1, 3, and 
4on the map. As will be seen by an inspection of the latter plate, the 
works included are two circular enclosures, 1 and 2; one excavation ; one 
included mound, 2; three mounds, 3, 1, and 4, outside of the enclosures; 
and a graded way. As our attention at present is directed only to 
the large mound, 1, it is unnecessary to notice the other works further 
than to add that each enclosure is about 220 feet in diameter, and con- 
sists of a circular wall and an inside ditch. The excavation is nearly 
cireular and about 140 feet in diameter. The large mound is conical in 
form, 173 feet in diameter, and 33 feet high. It is slightly truncated, 
the top having been leveled off some forty years ago for the purpose 
