THomas.) MOUNDS OF HENDERSON COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA. 75 
Another mound on the same farm as the one last mentioned, a cross- 
section of which is shown in Tig. 36, is of the common type, examples 
of which are found in most of the districts: diameter 52 feet and height 
9 feet ; the upper layer, No. 1, red clay, about 4 feet thick, No. 2, a thin 
layer of charcoal, about 3 inches thick; the lower stratum or central 
core, No. 3, dark-colored earth. In this lower layer were found five 
skeletons, on the natural surface and at the points indicated by the 
dots, which crumbled to pieces as soon as exposed to the air. With 
one were sixteen large, rudely made, white flint arrow-heads, so nearly 
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Fic. 36.—Section of mound, Henderson Connty, North Carolina 


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alike as to make it apparent they were the work of one individual, and 
with another a small pipe and some arrow-heaids. 
Passing westward over the mountains into East Tennessee, we find 
some variations inthe modes of burial, but not so widely different from 
those east of the range as to justify the belief that the authors of the 
works of the two localities were different peoples or belonged to differ- 
ent tribes. 
A burial mound opened by Mr. Emmert in n the v alley of the Holston, 
Sullivan County, deseribed by him as mound No. 1, on the north side 
of the river, was found to be 22 feet in diameter and 4 feet high. It was 
composed of red clay and sand. Digging down to the level of the sur- 
rounding ground, there was found a pile of rock in the center, which 
proved to be a burial vault built of water-worn bowlders, over a sitting 
skeleton. It was 34 feet in diameter at the base and 3 feet high. On 
the head of the skeleton was a slender, square copper spindle about 11 
inches iong and a quarter of an inch thick in the middle. 1t has evi- 
dently been hammered out with a stone hammer. Under the lower jaw 
were two small copper drills or awls, with portions of the deer-horn han- 
dies still attached. About the shoulders, one on each side, were two 
polished stones, with holes in them. Near the head was a small pile of 
flint chips, and at the knees a flint scalping knife. The bones were so 
badly decayed that but few’of them could be secured. 
Mound No. 2 was on the south side of the river, opposite No. 1 and 
about the same distance from the river. It was 38 feet in diameter and 
5 feet high, and on the top was a pine stump 14 inches in diameter. 
Mr. Emmert, in opening it, commenced at the edge to cut a ditch 4 
feet wide through it, but soon reached a wall 3 feet high, built of “ river 
rock.” He then worked around this, finding it to be an almost perfect 
circle, 14 feet in diameter, inside of which were found, on throwing out 
