98 BURIAL MOUNDS OF THE NORTHERN SECTIONS. 
so tough and hard that it was difficult to penetrate it even with a pick; 
and the uppermost (No. 3) of sand and surface soil between 1 and 2 
feet thick. A trench was dug from opposite sides to the central core; 
and when the arrangement was ascertained, this central portion was 
carefully explored to the original surface of the ground. 
Nothing was found in the layer of clay (No. 2) except a rude clay 
pipe, some small shell beads, a piece of mica, and a chunkee stone. The 
burials were all in the lower layer (No. 1), of dark rich loam, and chiefly 
in stone cists or coffins of the usual box-shape, formed of stone slabs, 
and distributed horizontally, as shown in Fig. 41, which is a plan of 
this lower bed. 
According to Mr. Rogan’s field-notes, the form and contents of these 
graves and the mode of burial in them were as follows: 
Grave a, Fig. 41.—A stone sepulcher, 25 feet wide, 8 feet long, and 
2 feet deep, formed by placing steatite slabs on edge at the sides and 
N 

Fic. 41.—Plan of burials in small mound. 
ends, and others across the top. The bottom consisted simply of earth 
hardened by fire. It contained the remains of a single skeleton, lying 
on its back, with the head east. The frame was heavy and about 7 feet 
long. The head was resting on a thin copper plate, ornamented with 
stamped figures; but the skull was crushed and the plate injured by 
fallen slabs. Under the copper were the remains of a skin of some 
kind; and under this, coarse matting, probably of split cane. The skin 
and matting were both so rotten that they could be secured only in frag- 
