134 CHEROKEE NATION OF INDIANS. 
5. Citizens of the United States or persons other than Indians who 
settle or attempt to settle on lands west or south of said boundary and 
refuse to remove within six months after ratification of this treaty to 
forfeit the protection of the United States, and the Indians to punish 
them or not, as they please: Provided, That this article shall not extend 
to the people settled between the fork of French Broad and Holstein 
Rivers, whose status shall be determined by Congress. 
6. The Cherokees to deliver up for punishment all Indian criminals 
for offenses against citizens of the United States. 
7. Citizens of the United States committing crimes against Indians 
to be punished by the United States in the presence of the Cherokees, 
to whom due notice of the time and place of such intended punishment 
shall be given. 
8. Retaliation declared unjust and not to be practiced. 
9. The United States to have sole right of regulating trade with the 
Indians and managing their affairs. 
10. Traders to have liberty to trade with the Cherokees until Congress 
shall adopt regulations relative thereto. 
11. Cherokees to give notice of any designs formed by other tribes 
against the peace, trade, or interests of the United States. 
12. Cherokees to have the right to send a deputy of their choice to 
Congress whenever they think fit. 
13. The hatchet to be forever buried between the United States and 
Cherokees. 
HISTORICAL DATA. 
FERNANDO DE SOTO’S EXPEDITION. 
The Cherokee Nation has probably occupied a more prominent place 
in the affairs and history of what is now the United States of America, 
since the date of the early European settlements, than any other tribe, 
nation, or confederacy of Indians, unless it be possible to except the 
powerful and warlike league of the Iroquois or Six Nations of New 
York. 
Tt is almost certain that they were visited at a very early period fol- 
lowing the discovery of the American continent by that daring and 
enthusiastic Spaniard, Fernando De Soto. 
In determining the exact route pursued by him from his landing in 
Florida to his death beyond the Mississippi, many insuperable difficul- 
ties present themselves, arising not only from an inadequate description 
on the part of the historian of the courses and distances pursued, but 
from many statements made by him that are irreconcilable with an 
accurate knowledge of the topographic detail of the country traversed. 
A narrative of the expedition, “‘ by a gentleman of Elvas,” was pub- 
lished at Evora in 1557, and translated from the Portuguese by Richard 
Hakiuyt, of London, in 1609. From this narrative it appears that 
