e 
ROYCE.] TREATY OF FEBRUARY 27, 1819. repat | 
cession of those tracts of country naively described in the treaty of 
February 27, 1819,' as ‘at least as extensive” as that to which the United 
States was entitled under the principles and provisions of the treaty 
of 1817. These cessions were made, as recited in the preamble to the 
treaty, as the commencement of those measures necessary to the civil- 
ization and preservation of their nation, and in order that the treaty 
of July 8, 1817, might, without further delay or the trouble or expense 
of taking the census therein provided for, be finally adjusted. It was 
also agreed that the distribution of annuities should be made in the 
proportion of two to one in favor of the Eastern Cherokees (it being 
assumed that about one-third of the nation had gone west), with the 
proviso that if the Arkansas Cherokees should offer formal objection 
to this ratio within one year after the ratification of the treaty, then a 
census, solely for the purpose of making a fair distribution of the an- 
nuity, should be taken at such time and in such manner as the Presi- 
dent of the United States should designate. All leases of any portion 
of the territory reserved to the Cherokees were declared void, and the 
removal of all intruders upon their lands was promised, to which latter 
end an order was issued requiring such removal to take place on or 
before July 1, 1819. 
Thus was concluded the treaty of February 27, 1819, which was 
promptly and favorably acted upon by the Senate and ratified and pro- 
claimed by the President on the 10th of March following. The gist of 
such provisions of importance as are not detailed in these historical notes 
will be found by reference to the abstract preceding them. 
Immediately upon the approval of the treaty by the Senate, the See- 
retary of War notified Governor McMinn? of the fact, directing him to 
give no further encouragement to emigration to the Arkansas, but to 
proceed at once to wind up the business under the treaty of 1817. 
Survey of boundaries.—Preparations were at once made for surveying 
and marking the lines of the cessions. Hon. Wilson Lumpkin, who was 
engaged in running the line between East Florida and the State of Geor- 
gia, was directed® to suspend that work, and designated to survey the 
line of cession, commencing at the point where the Unicoi Turnpike 
crossed the Blue Ridge, and thence to the nearest main source of the 
Chestatee, and also to lay off the individual reservations that should be 
selected within the State of Georgia. 
The following day * Robert Houston was appointed to run the line of 
the cession within the State of Tennessee, commencing on the High- 
wassee River about 2 miles above Highwassee Old Town, as well as to 
survey the individual reservations within that State, and also the tracts 
reserved in North Carolina and Alabama Territory. 
Mr. Houston performed his services as a surveyor to the satisfaction 

' United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 195. 
2 March 6, 1819. 
3 March 11, 1819. 
4 March 12, 1819. 
