novcr.] TREATY OF MAY 6, 1828. 243 
following spring and surrender all Osage prisoners, which the former 
had neglected to do and still retained a number of Osage captives. 
The Cherokee chiefs admitted that this was true, whereupon Governor 
Miller advised them that before the Osage murderers could be surren- 
dered, the Cherokees must comply with their agreement by surrendering 
all prisoners in their hands. An arrangement was made to meet at Fort 
Smith in October following and effect the exchange,! which was done. 
Notwithstanding this adjustment, the feeling of hostility between the 
two tribes remained. Active warfare broke out again in the summer 
of 1521,° and was not suppressed by the most strenuous efforts of the 
United States authorities until the fall of the following year.’ 
Boundaries and area.—Governor Miller reported, in connection with 
this subject, that the Arkansas Cherokees were very restless and dis- 
satisfied. They complained much in that, as they said, no part of the 
treaty of 1819 had been complied with by the United States and in that 
they had received no annuity money since their removal to the west of 
the Mississippi River. Furthermore, their boundaries had not been es- 
tablished, and they still awaited the fulfillment of the promise made them 
for an extension of their line to the west as far as the Osage line. To 
this latter scheme the Osages were much opposed, preferring rather to 
have the country occupied by whites. The adjustment of this boundary 
question would seem to have been very desirable, inasmuch as nearly 
one-half of the Cherokees had taken up their abode south of the Arkan- 
sas River,‘ which was clearly outside of their proper limits. It formed 
the subject of much correspondence and complaint throughout several 
years, and was the occasion of a number of visits of representative dele- 
gations from the Arkansas Cherokees to Washington. The eastern 
boundary had, as already stated, been run by General Rector in 181819, 
but the difficulty in fixing the western line arose from the fact that the 
quantity of land to which the Cherokees were entitled was to be meas- 
ured by the area already ceded by them to the United States by the 
treaties of 1817 and 1819. The ascertainment of this latter quantity 
with exactness could not be made in adyarce of the completion of the 
surveys thereof by the States of North Carolina, Tennessee, and Geor- 
gia. From such reports and estimates as the United States were able 
to secure from the several State authorities, it was estimated, early in 
1823,° that the quantity to which the Cherokees were entitled was about 
3,285,710 acres, and they were informed that measures would at once 
be taken to have the western boundary established. This was performed 
‘Letter of Governor Miller, of Arkansas, to Secretary of War, June 20, 1820. 
* Letter of Secretary of War to Maj. William Bradford, July 21, 1821. 
* Letter of Secretary of War to Governor Miller, of Arkansas, November 6, 1822. 
* October 8, 1821, Governor Miller was instructed by the Secretary of War toremove 
the Cherokees from lands south of the Arkansas, but its execution was deferred several 
years pending the establishment of the Cherokee boundaries. 
* Secretary of War to Arkansas Cherokee delegation in Washington, February 12, 
1823. 

