ROYCE. ] GENERAL REMARKS. aCe 
caleulated to discourage men enjoying a higher degree of civilization 
than they had yet reached, but they bent to the task with a determina- 
tion and perseverance that could not fail to be the parent of success. 
To-day their country is more prosperous than ever. They number 
twenty-two thousand, a greater population than they have had at any 
previous period, except perhaps just prior to the date of the treaty of 1835, 
when those east added to those west of the Mississippi are stated to have 
aggregated nearly twenty-five thousand people.! To-day they have 
twenty-three hundred scholars attending seventy-five schools, estab- 
lished and supported by themselves at an annual expense to the nation 
of nearly $100,000. To-day thirteen thousand of their people can read 
and eighteen thousand can speak the English language. To-day five 
thousand brick, frame, and log houses are occupied by them, and 
they have sixty-four churches with a membership of several thousand. 
They cultivate a hundred thousand acres of land and have an additional 
one hundred and fifty thousand fenced. They raise annually 100,000 
bushels of wheat, 800,000 of corn, 100,000 of oats and barley, 27,500 of 
vegetables, 1,000,000 pounds of cotton, 500,000 pounds of butter, 12,000 
tons of hay, and saw a million feet of lumber. ‘They own 20,000 horses, 
15,000 mules, 200,000 cattle, 100,000 swine, and 12,000 sheep. 
They have 2 constitutional form of government predicated upon that 
of the United States. As a rule, their laws are wise and beneficent 
and are enforced with strictness and justice. Political and social preju- 
dice has deprived the former slaves in some instances of the full meas- 
ure of rights guaranteed to them by the treaty of 1866 and the amended 
constitution of the nation, but time is rapidly softening these asperities 
and will solve all difficulties of the situation. 
The present Cherokee population is of a composite character. Rem- 
nants of other nations or tribes have from time to time been absorbed 
and admitted to full participation in the benefits of Cherokee citizen- 
ship. The various classes may be ihus enumerated : 
1. The full blood Cherokees. 
The mixed blood Cherokees. 
The Delawares. 
The Shawnees. 
White men and women intermarried with the foregoing. 
). A few Creeks who broke away from their own tribe and have been 
citizens of the Cherokee Nation for many years. 
gu ge be 
~ 

i The census of the nation east of the Mississippi, taken in 1835, exhibited the fol- 
lowing facts: 


Whites 
‘ Ra intermar- 
Cherokees.| Slaves. ried with | Total. 
Cherokees. | 
PT RON Cnt s bene te warden wine’ =p oe cleiwnrcls ossicles 8, 946 | 776 68 9, 790 
In North Carolina = 3, 644 | 37 22 3, 703 
In Tennessee .--..-- ee 2, 528 480 79 3, 087 
In Alabama ........ 1,424 | 299 32 1,755 





JAS 5 HEA PG aN Senn SOS ODOC SEI CE aceeerIog 16, 542 1, 592 201 | 18, 335 

