MATTHEWS. | CEREMONIES OF DSILYIDJE QACAL. 419 
atmosphere, seated around a fire of dry wood of four different kinds— 
cedar, big willow, little willow, and spruce—they take the hot emetic 
infusion of fifteen different kinds of plants mixed together. <A little 
sand is placed in front of each to receive the ejected material. After 
the emetic has acted the fire is removed, deposited some paces to the 
north of the lodge, and allowed to die out. Each devotee’s pile of sand 
is then removed (beginning with that of the man who sat in the east 
and going round the circle) and deposited, one after another, in a line 
north of the sacred fire. Each sueceeding day’s deposits are placed 
farther and farther north in a continuous line. Next all return to the 
lodge, which has been allowed to cool; the shaman spits on each some 
medicine which has been mixed with hoar-frost and is supposed to cool. 
When all have left the lodge, a new fire of ordinary wood is kindled, and 
the kethawns, or sacrificial sticks, appropriate to the day are made. 
85. Firra DAY. The chanter did not arrive until the afternoon of 
October 25. His ceremonies in the medicine lodge began on the morn- 
ing of the 24th. The forenoon was devoted to the preparation and sac- 
rifice of certain kethawns (kecan)— the sacrificial sticks, to the origin of 
which so much of the foregoing myth is devoted —and of sacrificial ciga- 
rettes. About eight o’clock the sick woman entered the medicine lodge, 
followed by the chanter. While she sat on the ground, with her limbs 
extended, he applied some powdered substance from his medicine bag to 
the soles of her feet, to her knees, breasts, shoulders, cheeks, and head, 
in the order named, and then threw some of it towards the heavens 
through the smoke hole. Before applying it to the head he placed some 
of it in her mouth to be swallowed. Then, kneeling on a sheep skin, 
with her face to the east, and holding the bag of medicine in her hand, 
she recited a prayer, bit by bit, after the chanter. The prayer being 
finished, she arose, put some of the medicine into her mouth, some on 
her head, and took her seat in the south, while the shaman went om 
with the preparation of the sacrifices. 
86, An assistant daubed a nice straight branch of cherry with some 
moistened herbaceous powder, after which he divided the branch into 
four pieces with a flint knife. Two of the pieces were each about two 
inches long and two each about four inches long. In each of the shorter 
ones he made one slight gash and in each of the longer ones two gashes. 
The sticks were then painted, a shred of yucca leaf being used for the 
brush, with rings of black, red, and white, disposed in a different order 
on each stick. The two cigarettes were made by filling sections of some 
hollow stem with a mixture of some pulverized plants. Such cigarettes 
are intended, as the prayers indicate, to be smoked by the gods. (Para- 
graph 88.) 
87. While the assistants were painting the sticks and making the 
cigarettes the old chanter placed on a sheep skin, spread on the floor 
woolly side down, other things pertaining to the sacrifice: five bundles, 
of assorted feathers, five small pieces of cotton sheeting to wrap the sacri- 
