200 Appendiz. 
rope, in this rock ; and I found the same on the south shore of Lake © 
Erie. I found the four following species, (all of which have been 
found in Germany,) in the coral rag, over the cavern two miles north 
of a little village on the Helderberg, twenty three miles south west of 
Albany. Diploctenium pluma, Lithodendron cespitosum, Columna- | 
ria alveolata, Gorgonia infundibiliformis. 
Fourth Cardinal Point. 
TERTIARY MARLS. 
Marly clay, London clay kind.—Placatula pectinoides, Nautilus 
imperialis. These I found in New Jersey, south of Amboy bay, in 
Middletown, 
Shell marl, or fresh water marl.—Planorbis obtusa, Limnea 
longiscata, L. minima. These 1 found in the stratified shell marlin 
the bank of Erie canal, ten miles west of Onondaga Salt-works. 
All the organic remains, quoted above, are found on both conti 
in similar strata, known to all correct geologists by the name 
here-given. Though I have ascertained numerous other relics il 
each stratum, I have introduced none but those which are well au- 
thenticated, both in regard to their names, and the strata with which 
they are respectively associated. 
Important inferences may be deduced from the establishment of 
these four starting points. The argillite being between the granultt 
and carboniferous limerocks, the carbonaceous beds contained init 
are, of course, made up of the genuine anthracite. The car ile 
rous limerocks of Bethlehem Caverns, Catskill, Esopus, &e. acti 
ally extend into Pennsylvania, and appear in view of the Hudson 
and Delaware canal, until they pass under the rocks embracing the 
coal beds of Carbondale, Lehigh, &e. We are enabled to identily 
these beds with those of the great coal measures of Europe. The 
absurdity of treating them as beds of anthracite becomes maniles 
on taking this view of the subject. The coal of these beds is the 
Culm coal, or Kilkenny coal of Europe. It might be called Anas 
phaltic coal, or coal destitute of bitumen, like some varieties of te 
great coal beds of Europe. f 
The relations which our deposits of gypsum, S&c. bear to thos? 2 
Europe, may be shown by a reference to those established sttalt 
and the practical mineralogist may be directed by them i all bs 
researches. A. E. 
Troy, N. Y¥. October 2, 1831. 
