400 Appendix. . 
The elevation of Graham Island, in Jat. 37° 11’ N., and long. 
12° 44’ E., in the Mediterranean Sea, between Pantellaria and Sei- 
acca, which took place in the month of July, 1831, has been obsery- 
ed at different stages of its progress, and has been attended with 
phenomena of such decided utility to this inquiry, that they will be 
my excuse for intruding upon your pages some remarks connected 
with its origin and general character. 
The drawings which accompany this notice are from the pencil of 
Mr. W. Russell, of His Majesty’s Ship St. Vincent, and are fac- 
similes of the drawings sent by the same gentleman to His Royal 
Highness the Duke of Sussex, and since published by Ackermann; 
and of those transmitted to the Admiralty, and published in the Jour- 
nal of the Royal Geographical Society. In both these cases the art- 
ists have made such alterations, in rounding the outline and altering 
the true configuration of the island, as materially to affect their utility 
in a scientific point of view. 
According to published documents (Times, August 31, 1891; 
Journal of the Royal Geological Society of London, 1830-31) the 
Neapolitan schooner Psyche discovered, on the 12th of July, smoke 
on the water between Sicily and Pantellaria, where the island is now 
situated ; and, on the 17th of July, the master of the brig Adelaide, 
from London, distinguished fire ; and it is probable that at this period 
the land rose to the surface. On the 18th of the same month, age 
mander C. H. Swinburne observed, from on board His Majesty's ship 
Rapid, a long irregular column of smoke or steam, accompanied by 
eruptions, of fire, bearing south by east; the town of Marsala baat: 
ing by compass east half north 9 miles. On nearing, @ smal] hillock 
of a dark color was observed a few feet above the sea. The volea- 
no was at this period in a constant state of activity, discharging dust 
-and stones with vast columns of steam. ‘The island appeared [0 be 
70 or 80 yards in its external diameter, and the lip as thin as it could 
be, consistent with its height, which might be 20 ft. above the sea 1D 
the highest, and 6 ft. in the lowest part, leaving the rest for the vad 
eter of the area within. ipa 
From information accompanying Mr. Russell’s sketch, tle #210 e2 
that the circumference of the island on the 23d was # ofa mules f 
highest point was 80 ft. above the Jevel of the sea, and the jets © 
water rose to a height of from 800 to 1000 ft., and bore na ee =o 
quantities of cinders and stones, which sometimes attained nearly 
double that height. 
