402 Appendix. He. 
posed similar origin. .The internal crater on the left hand side of. 
Fig. 2, which presents the most striking manifestation of this dis- 
position, has been obliterated in the sketch contained in the Journal 
Fig. 1. 
F, = == 
—— > 
== 
of the Royal Geographical Society, and occupied by smoke and @ 
prodigious flash of lightning. Age 
There is every reason to believe that volcanic eruptions take place - 
at the bottom of the sea, in the same manner as on the surface of @ 
continent; and Mr. Osborne points out the fact that, in the elevat 
sides of the external ridge of the island, the sides fall down abrupt 
precipices ; and each stratum could be distinctly discerned, the water 
evaporating having left an incrustation of salt, which now appears @ 
white firm layer, plainly marking the regular progress and formation 
of the island. It is very evident that this kind of action and succes” 
sion could not have taken place above the level of the waters either 
of the sea or of the internal crater; as it farther demonstrates that 
horizontal beds of volcanic matters, accumulated over each ot ’ 
can be directed on a given point without any violent contortion OF a 
rangement of their symmetry and parallelism. Nor have we; im am 
present case, any invasion of the sea or explosions posterior to : 
formation of the cone, if we may judge from the details transmitte 
aig 
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