Review of the Practical Tourist. 221 
calender rollers. The spongy texture of the cloth sinks into all the 
engraved cavities and imbibes the coloring matter lodged in them; 
whilst from the smooth surface of the copper, cleaned by the doctor, 
it receives no dye to stain it. ‘The cotton cloth is seen to enter be- 
tween the rollers as white and spotless as pure snow; and as if bya 
magical transformation to issue from between them on the other side, 
covered with gay flowers, or with pictured landscapes, spread over 
the surface in all the fair proportions of hills and dales and winding 
rivers. Three or more distinct colors may be printed and duly blend- 
ed together to produce an harmonious effect, at one operation, by 
arranging an equal number of the printing cylinders, each engraved 
and supplied with its own peculiar color, to bear or press against the 
surface of the large smooth central cylinder, around which the cloth 
to be printed is made to pass. Beautiful chintzes of several bright 
dyes, thus perfected at one operation, pass off over machinery to be 
dried nearly as fast as one can walk. 
This is followed by a description of block printing which is much 
used in this country, and is performed with pieces of wood twelve or 
fifteen inches long, and six or eight inches wide, varying so as to 
suit the required patterns. They are used on the principle of com- 
mon type printing, and when several colors are to be printed on one 
piece, several blocks are passed over it so as to produce the vacieny 
of éolors required. 
“The prints are finally completed by being glazed or polished. 
This is accomplished by first impregnating the calico or chintz with 
gum, starch or beeswax as may be best adapted to the purpose 
for which it may be intended. .Thus prepared, the cloth is passed 
between two cylinders, one of which is hollow, and is heated by red 
hot pieces of iron inserted in the cavity, or by steam. ‘To one of 
the rollers is given by the machinery a quicker rotation than to the 
other. The two calender cylinders are thus not only caused to roll 
in-contact, but also a rubbing effect is produced, owing to the differ- 
ent relative velocities with which the surface of each is caused to 
move. By this means, the hot surface of the polished cylinder is 
‘Made to partially slide over the surface of the cloth to be glazed, 
as the polished surface of a flat iron or sad iron is passed over cloths 
by the laundress in the familiar domestic operation of ironing. | 
“ Some of the machine shops of Manchester are constructed on 
@ most extensive scale. The proprietor of one of these establish-— 
ments informed me that he employed three hundred and eighty 
