5 8 botanical gazette. [March, 



that the several characters, now constituting together a cer- 

 tain species, can not have appeared all at once, but were 



gained step by step, in manv instances, without doubt, one 

 by one. 



The same characters often occur in many widely different 



species e.g. the power of forming chlorophyll, tannin and 



many other substances, the peculiar habits of climbing and 



insectivorous plants, etc. All these are essentially the same 



in different plants, often belonging to separate families and 

 orders. 



It also often occurs that a single character, for instance 

 hairiness or a certain coloring matter, is missing in a species, 

 which otherwise exhibits in all its parts the same characters 

 as other species of the same genus. 



The differences between several species, and those be- 

 tween the several organs of a single animal or plant, are 

 quite of the same order. This is conclusively shown by 

 those cases in which secondary sexual character's or the dif- 

 ferent forms occurring in alternate generation furnished a 



ZT ,on f ° r "J 3 *? s P ec r ies ' now recognized as the male, 

 temale or asexual forms of other species 



hJ?bZTV n V W Tu al ?°' Simple bud: variations in plants 



nil A f i ° P . ed - thC a,t ° f man int ° neW Varieties of 



SSri'nJ ^r ' y ' U IS generally known that the same pe- 



as ve 1 fo;^'/" 8 ^ 1106 - 11 ^r CelI " 8a P' TOa y be characteristic 



TsWll^H ^ in 1 SpeCieS ° f a genus as for certain organs of 



a single individual. fo 



^^hTlf^ the faCt that man y hereditary char- 

 viduals vviH?. If ' °!" GVen Can d »«Ppe«r. '" some indi- 

 S^^lSSS \V t dVaC l erS ° f the s P ecies in the same 



l t "l S m ? e . leaSt de - ree affected - An individual 

 o her chlrtZt "° an ' S ' ° l \ exhibit ■ changed color, all its 

 SSSrt ft ml £^ mm $ the - Same as those of its P^ents ; 



though it must be borne ,n mind that often little erouDS of 

 chanicters are known to varv tocrefh~ r P,JJi ^ lou .l KS ° £ 



and nl-infa rinJi, i •- l0 S etnei - breeders of animals 



the r breed ' k\T u SUCh oc ^rrences for improving 



caTes wHl throw P '° ^ i hG SCientiHc ^estigation of such 



characters ght Up ° n the nature of hereditary 



wl'^ C T eS ° f reversi °n, for instance that of stripes in 

 horses and asses, show that often characters which belonged 



^SSSSSTJSS 8UddeDly rea ^ ear -d V combine ^ith 

 ocner cnaracters which remain unaltered 



Another important fact is this, that hereditary characters 



