1889.] BOTANICAL GAZETTE. 77 



Of extreme beauty and grace, it is the most frequently 

 planted of the hardy deciduous Conifers for ornament, 5 

 while its light, compact and durable wood gives it a great 

 value from an economic standpoint. In our own state (Indi- 

 ana), while its range commences as far north as Carroll 

 county, it is not found in any abundance until we reach the 

 low lands of the lower stretches of the Wabash, where its 

 large trunk with its pale, smoothish bark and its yew-like 

 foliage, makes it a striking feature in the landscape. 



In the study of the foliage leaf, great difficulty was en- 

 countered in the securing of sections in which tissues were 

 not either lacerated by the razor or distorted by pressure. 

 The strongly cuticularized epidermal cells and the extremely 

 thin-walled cells of the mesophvll, may in a certain measure 

 account for this. Various methods of imbedding were tried, 

 but none succeeded. The method of Moll 6 brought some 

 hope with it, although it was suggested in the article that 

 with fully grown parts, perfect imbedding was extremely 

 doubtful. A careful following of directions there given gave 

 no satisfactory results, nor was any greater success attained 

 in cases in which a portion of the epidermis had been re- 



mov 



The sections used in the study are therefore all free-hand, 

 but so large a number of these was prepared that the results 

 attained are considered accurate. 



The gross appearance of the leaf is shown in fig. i, in 

 which "B" shows a leafy branchlet with its crowded 2- 

 ranked, linear leaves, natural size ; while " A" gives a sin- 

 gle leaf in position, magnified 12 diameters. 



In some of the leafv branches the leaves show a marked 

 tendency to depart from their distichous arrangement, in 

 some cases almost forming whorls, in others taking positions 

 referable to no definite plan. Specimens received from dif- 

 ferent localities show such a variation in habit and size of 

 foliage that it is not strange that many varieties and some 

 species have been founded upon them. 



I have in these studies made constant comparisons with 

 the structure of the foliage leaf of Pinus sylvestris, which 

 may perhaps be taken as a fair representative of that genus. 



In transverse section, the leaf presents an almost perfectly 

 elliptical outline, the variations consisting in the somewhat 

 acute form in the direction of the longer axis, and a depres- 



6 Herasley's Hardy Trees, Plants and Shrubs, p. 451 ; Paxton's Bot'l Dict'y, p. 549. 

 * Botanical Gazette, xiii. 5. 



