70 PICTURE-WRITING OF THE AMERICAN INDIANS. 
stone rock on which they are painted is about 30 feet high and pro- 
jects from a ridge so as to form a very marked promontory extending 
into a narrow mountain canyon. At the base of the western side of 
this bowlder is a rounded cavity, measuring on the inside about 15 
feet in width and 8 feet in height. The floor ascends rapidly toward 
the back of the cave, and the entrance is rather smaller in dimen- 
sions than the above measurements of the interior. About 40 yards 
west of this rock is a fine spring of water. One of the four old In- 
dian trails leading northward across the mountains passes by this 
locality, and it is probable that this was one of the camping places of 
the tribe which came south to trade, and that some of its members 
were the authors of the paintings. The three trails beside the one 
just mentioned cross the mountains at several points east of this, the 
most distant being about 15 miles. Other trails were known, but 
Fic. 32.—Petroglyph in Santa Barbara county, California. 
these four were most direct to the immediate vicinity of the Spanish 
settlement which sprang up shortly after the establishment of the Santa 
Barbara mission in 1786, The appearance and position of these and 
other pictographs in the vicinity appear to be connected with the sev- 
eral trails. The colors used in the paintings are red and black. 
The circles figured in b and d of Fig. 32, and c, r, and w of Fig. 33, 
together with other similar circular marks bearing cross lines upon the 
interior, were at first unintelligible, as their forms among various tribes 
have very different signification. The character in Fig. 32, above and 
projecting from d, resembles the human form, with curious lateral bands 
of black and white, alternately. Two similar characters appear, also, 
in Fig. 33, a, b. In a the lines from the head would seem to indicate a 
superior rank or condition of the person depicted. 
