MALLERY.] IN SWEDEN. 173 
of which is not so well established. He then (c) treats of the Red 
Horse in the lordship of Tysoe, in Warwickshire, as follows: 
This is traditionally reported to have been cut in 1461, in memory of the exploits 
of Richard, Earl of Warwick, who was for many years one of the most prominent 
figures in the Wars of the Roses. The earl had in the early part of the year found 
himself, with a force of forty thousand men, opposed to Queen Margaret, with sixty 
thousand, at a place called Towton, near Tadcaster. Overborne by numbers, the 
battle was going against him, when, dismounting from his horse, he plunged his 
sword up to the hilt in the animal’s side, erying aloud that he would henceforth 
fight shoulder to shoulder with his men. Thereupon the soldiers, animated by their 
leader’s example, rushed forward with such impetuosity that the enemy gave way 
and flew precipitately. No less than twenty-eight thousand Lancastrians are said 
to have fallen in this battle and in the pursuit which followed, for the commands of 
Prince Edward were to give no quarter. It was to this victory that the latter owed 
his elevation to the throne, which took place immediately afterwards. 
The Red Horse used to be scoured every year, upon Palm Sunday, at the expense 
of certain neighboring landowners who held their land by that tenure, and the 
scouring is said to have been as largely attended and to have been the occasion of 
as great festivity as that of the older horse in the adjoining county of Berks. The 
figure is about 54 feet in extreme length by about 31 in extreme height. 
The best known of Turf-Monuments other than horses is the Giant, 
on Trendle Hill, near Cerne Abbas, in Dorsetshire. This the same 
author (d) deseribes as follows: 
This is a figure roughly representing a man, undraped, and with a club in his right 
hand; the height is 180 feet, and the outlines are marked out by a trench 2 feet wide 
and of about the same depth. It covers nearly anacre of ground. Hutchin imagines 
this figure to represent the Saxon god, Heil, and places its date as anterior to A. D. 
600. * * * Britton, on the other hand, tells us that ‘vulgar tradition makes 
this figure commemorate the destruction of a giant who, having feasted on some 
sheep in Blackmoor and laid himself to sleep on this hill, was pinioned down like 
another Gulliver and killed by the enraged peasants, who immediately traced his 
dimensions for the information of posterity.” ‘There were formerly discernible some 
markings between the legs of the figure rather above the level of the ankles, which 
the country folk took for the numerals 748, and imagined to indicate the date. We 
need, perhaps, scarcely remark that Arabic numerals were unknown in Europe until 
at least six centuries later than this period, 
SWEDEN. 
Mr. Paul B. Du Chaillu (@) gives the following (condensed) account 
describing, among many more “rock tracings,” as he calls them, those 
reproduced as Figs. 137 and 138: 
There are found in Sweden large pictures engraved on the rocks which are of 
great antiquity, long before the Roman period. 
These are of different kinds and sizes, the most numerous being the drawings of 
ships or boats, canoe-shaped and alike at both ends (with figures of men and ani- 
mals), and of fleets fighting against each other or making an attack upon the shore. 
The hero of the fight, or the champion, is generally depicted as much larger than the 
other combatants, who probably were of one people, though of different tribes, for 
their arms are similar and all seem without clothing, though in some cases they are 
represented as wearing a helmet or shield. 
