MALLERY.] CUP SCULPTURES IN SCOTLAND. 193 
It often occurs that two, three, or more of these various types are 
found on the same stone or rock, a fact indicating that they are inti- 
mately allied to each other. 
Prof. Simpson presents what he calls “the chief deviations from the 
principal types ” reproduced here as Fig. 148. 
The first four designs represent cups connected by grooves, which is 
a noticeable and frequently occurring feature. In Fig. 149 views of 
sculptured rock surfaces at Auchnabreach, Argyleshire, Scotland, are 
given. Simple cups, cups  sur- 
rounded by one ring or by con- 
centric rings, with radial grooves 
and spirals, appear here promiscu- 
ously mingled. Fig. 150 exhibits 
isolated as well as connected cups, 
a cup surrounded by a ring, and 
concentric rings with radial 
grooves, ona standing stone (men- 
hir), belonging to a group of seven 
at Ballymenach, in the parish of 
Kilmichael-Glassary, in <Argyle- 
shire, Scotland. 
Berthold Seeman remarks 
concerning the characters in Fig. 
105, supra, copied from a rock in 
Chiriqui, Panama, that he discoy- 
ers in it a great resemblance to 
\ iG Wy those of Northumberland, Scot- 
SS Phe. anbhel na bat "col! Ellas =, d Sue 
Sec Pe ER te iner~wss land, and other parts of Great 
Fig. 150.—Cup sculptures at ee Britain. He Says, aS quoted by 
Seoltand: Dr. Rau (d): 
It issingular that, thousands of miles away, in a remote corner of tropical America, 
we should find the concentric rings and several other characters typically identical 
with those engraved on the British rocks. 
The characters in Chiriqui are, like those of Great Britain, incised on large stones, 
the surface of which has not previously undergone any smoothing process. The in- 
cised stones occur in a district of Veraguas (Chiriqui or Alanje), which is now thinly 
inhabited, but which, judging from the numerous tombs, was once densely peopled. 
From information received during my two visits to Chiriqui and from what has 
been published since I first drew attention to this subject, I am led to believe that 
there are a great many inscribed rocks in that district. But I myself have seen 
only one, the now famous piedra pintal (i. e., painted stone), which is found on a 
plain at Caldera, a few leagues from the town of David. It is 15 feet high, neaily 50 
feet in circumference, and rather flat on the top. Every part, especially the eastern 
side, is covered with incised characters about an inch or half an inch deep. The 
first figure on the left hand side represents a radiant sun, followed by a series of 
heads or what appear to be heads, all with some variation. It is these heads, par- 
ticularly the appendages (perhaps intended for hair?), which show a certain resem- 
blance to one of the most curious characters foand on the British rocks, and calling 
10 ETH 15 
