MALLERY.] CUP SCULPTURES IN INDIA. 197 
serpent. Chandeswar is reached through a narrow gorge; at the en- 
trance is found a temple sacred to Mahadeo. The columns and slabs 
bear cupules similar to those seen on the rocks. 
Some of. the Mahadeo designs 
engraved on stone slabs in this 
temple (see Rivett-Carnac, loc. cit.) 
are represented in Fig. 156, show- 
ing a marked resemblance to and 
approaching identity with thisclass 
of cuttings on bowlders, rocks, and 
megalithic monuments in Europe. 
A large number of stones with 
typical cup markings have been 
found in the United States of 
America. Some of those illustrated 
in this paper are presented in PI. v, 
and Figs. 19 and 48. 
Among the many attempts, all 
hitherto unsatisfactory, to explain 
the significance of the cup stones 
as distributed over nearly all parts 
of the earth, one statement of Mr. 
Rivett-Carnac (b) is of value as 
furnishing the meaning now at- 
tached to them in India. He says: 
Having seen sketches and notes on 
rock sculptures in India which closely 
resemble unexplained rock carvings in 
Scotland, and having myself found one 
of the Scotch forms cut on a bowlder in 
Kangra, * being at Ayodhya 
with a Hindu who speaks good English, 
I got a fakir and drew on the sand of the 
7 Mi wil Wh 
Ne a i") Nn 
Hall IH | 
Mn ae hh) 
Gogra the figure . Lasked what 
that meant. The fakirat once answered, 
““Mahadeo.” I then drew Q and got 
the same answer. At Delhi my old 
acquaintance, Mr. Shaw, told me that 
these two signs are chalked on stones 
in Kangra by peoplemarching in marriage 
processions. The meaning given to these 
two symbols now in India is familiarly 
known to the people. 
Pie. 156.—Cup seulptures in India. 
Mahadeo, more accurately Mahadiva, is the god of generation. He 
is worshiped by the Sawas, one of the numerous Hindu sects, under the 
