MALLERY. | COLORATION OF PICTOGRAPHS. Zoi 
Mr. A. 8. Gatschet, of the Bureau of Ethnology, reports that the 
Kdamaths of southwestern Oregon employ a black color; lgu, made of 
burnt plum seeds and bulrushes, which is applied to the cheeks in the 
form of smallround spots. This is used during dances. Red paint, for 
the face and body, is prepared from a resin exuding from the spruce 
tree,panam. <A yellow mineral paint is also employed, consisting prob- 
ably of ocher or ferruginous clay. He also says that the Klamath 
spal, yellow mineral paint, is of light yellow color, but turns red when 
burned, after which it is applied in making small round dots upon the 
face. The white infusorial clay is applied in the form of stripes or 
streaks over the body. The Klamaths use charcoal, lgim, in tattooing. 
Mud and white clay were used by the Winnebago for the decoration 
of the human body and of horses. Some of the California Indians in the 
vicinity of Tulare river used a white coloring matter, consisting of in- 
fusorial earth, obtained there. The tribes at and near the geysers 
north of San Francisco bay procured vermilion from croppings of cin- 
nabar. The same report is made with probability of truth concerning 
the Indians at the present site of the New Almaden mines, where tribes 
of the Mutsun formerly lived. Some of the black coloring matter of 
pictographs in Santa Barbara, California, proved on analysis to be a 
hydrous oxide of manganese. The Mojave pigments are ocher, clay, 
and charcoal mingled with oil. 
Rey. J. Owen Dorsey, of the Bureau of Ethnology, reports regarding 
the Osage that one of their modes of obtaining black color for the face 
was by burning a quantity of small willows. When these were charred 
they were broken in small pieces and placed in pans, with a little 
water in each. The hands were then dipped into the pan and rubbed 
together and finally rubbed over the parts to be colored. 
Dr. Hoffman reports that among the Hualpai, living on the western 
border of the Colorado plateau, Arizona, some persons appeared as if 
they had been tattooed in vertical bands from the forehead to the 
waist, but upon closer examination it was found that dark and light 
bands of the natural skin were produced in the following manner: When 
a deer or an antelope had been killed the blood was rubbed over the 
face and breast, after which the spread and curved fingers were 
seratched downward from the forehead over the face and breast, thus 
removing some of the blood; that remaining soon dried and gave the 
appearance of black stripes. The exposed portion of the skin retained 
the natural dark-tanned color, while that under the coating of coagu- 
lated blood became paler by being protected against the light and air. 
These persons did not wash off the marks and after a while the blood 
began to drop off by desquamation. leaving lighter spots and lines 
which for a week or two appear like tattoo marks. Similar streaks 
of blood have been held to have originated tattoo designs in several 
parts of the world to record success in hunting or in war, but such 
evolution does not appear to have resulted from the transient decora- 
tion in the case mentioned. 
