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Vig, 164,.—Penn wiainpum belt. 
PICTURE-WRITING OF 
THE AMERICAN INDIANS. 
extent, conventional. The predominance 
of white beads indicated peace, and pur- 
ple or violet meant war. 
On the authority of Sir Daniel Wilson 
(a) a string of black wampum sent round 
the settlement is still among the Indians 
of the Six Nations the notice of the death 
of a chief. 
The Troquois belts had an arrangement 
of wampum to signify the lakes, rivers, 
mountains, valleys, portages, and falls 
along the path of trail between them and 
the Algonkins, who were parties to their 
treaty in 1653. 
On the authority of a manuscript letter” 
from St. Ange to D’Abbadie, September 9, 
1764, quoted by Parkman (a), Pontiac’s 
great wampum belt was 6 feet long, 4 inches 
wide, and was wrought from end to end 
with the symbols of tribes and villages, 47 
in number, which were leagued with him. 
In addition to becoming conventional 
the designs in wampuin, perhaps from ex- 
pertness in their workmanship, exhibited 
ideographs in their later development, of 
which the following description, taken 
from Rey. Peter Jones’s (a), “* History of 
the Ojebway Indians” is an instance: 
Johnson then explained the emblems contained 
in the wampum belt brought by Yellowhead, 
which, he said, they acknowledged to be the acts 
of their fathers. Firstly, the council fire at the 
Sault Ste. Marie has no emblem, because then the 
council was held. Secondly, the council fire at 
Mamtoulni has the emblem of a beautiful white 
fish; this signifies purity, ora clean white heart— 
that all our hearts ought to be white toward each 
other. Thirdly, the emblem of a beaver, placed at 
an island on Penetanguishew bay, denotes wis- 
dom—that all the acts of our fathers were done 
in wisdom. Fourthly, the emblem of a white deer, 
placed at Lake Simcoe, signified superiority ; the 
dish and ladles at the same place indicated abun- 
dance of gameand food. Fifthly, the eagle perched 
on a tall pine tree at the Credit denotes watch- 
The 
eagle was to watch all the council fires between 
the Six Nations and the Ojebways, and being far- 
sighted, he might, in the event of anything hap- 
pening, communicate the tidings to the distant 
Sixthly, the sun was hung up in the cen- 
ter of the belt to show that their acts were done 
in the face of the sun, by whom they swore that 
they forever after the treaties 
made between the two parties. 
ing, and swiftness in conveying messages. 
tribes. 
would observe 
