MALLERY.] LONE-DOG’S WINTER COUNT. 273 
tribal division, but it has become only an expression for all those tribes 
whose ranges are on the prairie, and thus it is a territorial and acci- 
dental, not a tribular distinction. One of the Dakotas at Fort Rice 
spoke to the present writer of the “‘hostiles” as “‘Titons,” with obviously 
the same idea of locality, ‘‘away on the prairie,” it being well known 
that they were a conglomeration from several tribes. 
LONE-DOG’S WINTER COUNT. 
Fig. 183, 1800-01.—Thirty Dakotas were killed by Crow Indians. 
The device consists of thirty parallel black lines in three columns, 
the outer lines being united. In this chart, such black lines IMHHIt 
always signify the death of Dakotas killed by their enemies. 
The Absaroka or Crow tribe, although belonging to the HT | 
Siouan family, has nearly always been at war with the Da- 
kotas proper since the whites have had any knowledge of HT 
either. They are noted for the extraordinary length of their Fic. 183. 
hair, which frequently distinguishes them in pictographs. 
Fig. 184, 1811~02.—Many died of smallpox. The smallpox broke 
out in the tribe. The device is the head and body of a man 
covered with red blotches. In this, as in all other cases where 
colors in this chart are mentioned, they will be found to corre- 
spond with Pl. xx, but not in that respect with the text figures, 
which have no coloration. Fic. 184. 
Fig. 185, 1802—03.—A Dakota stole horses with shoes on, i. e., stole 
them either directly from the whites or from some other Indians ‘al 
who had before obtained them from whites, as the Indians 
never shoe their horses. The device is a horseshoe. 
Fia. 185. 
Fig. 186, 1803-04.—They stole some “curly horses” 
from the Crows. Some of these horses are still on 
the plains, the hair growing in closely curling tufts. 
The device is a horse with black marks for the tufts. 
The Crows are known to have been early in the pos- 
session of horses. 
Fa. 186. 
Fig. 187, 1804~05.—The Dakota had a calumet dance and then went 
to war. The device is a long pipestem, ornamented with feathers and 
streamers. The feathers are white, with black tips, evidently the tail 
feathers of the adult golden eagle (Aquila chrysaétos), highly prized by 
the Plains Indians. The streamers anciently were colored 
strips of skin or flexible bark; now gayly colored strips 
of cloth are used. The word calumet is a corruption of 
the Frenchchalumeau. Capt. Carver (c) in his Three Years) 
Travels Through the Interior Parts of North America, 
after puzzling over the etymology of ‘calumet,” describes 
the pipe as “about 4 feet long, bowl of red marble, stem of re. 187. 
10 ETH——18 
