324 PICTURE-WRITING OF THE AMERICAN INDIANS. 
Fig. 410, 1853~54.—“ Cross-Bear-died-on-the-hunt winter.” The tray- 
ail means they moved; the buffalo, to hunt buffalo; the 
bear with mouth open and paw advanced, Cross-Bear; the 
stomach and intestines, took the bellyache and died. 
The gesture sign for bear is made as follows: Slightly 
crook the thumbs and little fingers, and nearly close the 
other fingers; then, with their backs upward, hold the 
Mic.410. hands a little in advance of the body or throw them sev- 
eral times quickly forward a few inches. The sign is sometimes made 
with one hand only. 
For explanation of the word “travail,” applied to the Indian sledge 
made of the joined tent poles, see Fig. 764 and accompanying remarks. 
Fig. 411, 1854~'55,—“ Killed-five-Assiniboins winter.” The Dakotas 
f 
Fig. 411. 
are ashamed of the part they took in the following 
deplorable occurrence and it is not therefore noted in 
the record, although it really marks the year. In con- 
sequence of a misunderstanding in regard to an old 
foot-sore cow, which had been abandoned on the road by 
some emigrants and which the Dakotas had innocently 
appropriated, Lieut. Grattan, Sixth U. S. Infantry, 
killed Conquering Bear (Mato-way’uhi, Startling Bear 
properly) about ten miles east of Fort Laramie, August 19, 1854. The 
Dakotas then, in retaliation, massacred Lieut. Grattan and the thirty 
men of Company G, Sixth U.S. Infantry, he had with him. 
The figure without the above statement tells the simple story about 
the killing of five Assiniboins who are denoted by the usual tribal sign, 
the number being designated by the five strokes below the arrow. 
h 
Fig. 412. 
gress, first session, Senate, to refer to a council held on March 18, 1856, 
by Brevet Brig. 
of the Dakotas. 
Fia@. 414 
Fig. 412, 1855-56,—“ Little-Thunder-and- Battiste- 
Good -and- others - taken - prisoners -at-Ash-Hollow-on- 
the Blue-creek winter,” and one hundred and thirty 
Dakotas were killed by the white soldiers. Also called 
‘“Many-sacrificial-flags winter.” The last-mentioned 
name for the winter is explained by other records and 
by Executive Document No. 94, Thirty-fourth Con- 
Gen. W.S. Harney, U.S. Army, with nine of the bands 
Fig. 415, 185657.—* Bad - Four - Bear - trades - with- 
Battiste-Good-for-furs-all winter.” Bad-Four-Bear, a 
* white trader, is represented sitting smoking a pipe in 
front of Battiste’s tipi under a bluff at Fort Robinson, ~ 
Nebraska. 
Fig. 414, 1857-58.—* Hunted - bulls-only winter.” 
They found but few cows, the buffalo being composed 
principally of bulls. The travail is shown. 
