334 PICTURE-WRITING OF THE AMERICAN INDIANS. 
This device is used by. coast natives of Southern Alaska and Kadiak. 
He explained Fig. 444 as follows: 
When hunters become separated, the one first re- 
turning to the forks of the trail puts a piece of wood 
in the ground, on the top of which he makes an inci- 
sion, into which a short piece of wood is secured hori- 
zontally, so as to point in the direction taken. 
Fic. 444.—Alaskan no- 
tice of direction. 
Maj. Long—Keating’s Long (@)—says: 
When we stopped to dine, White Thunder (the Winnebago chief that accompanied 
me), suspecting that the rest of his party were in the neighborhood, requested a piece 
of paper, pen, and ink, to communicate to them the intelligence of his having come 
up with me. He then seated himself and drew three rude figures, which, at my re- 
quest, he explained tome. The first represented my boat with a mast and flag, with 
three benches of oars and a helmsman. To show that we were Americans, our heads 
were represented by a rude cross, indicating that we wore hats. The representation 
of himself was a rude figure of a bear over a kind of cipher, representing a hunting 
ground. The second figure was designed to show that his wife was with him; the 
device was a boat with a squaw seated in it; over her head lines were drawn in a 
zigzag direction, indicating that she was the wife of White Thunder. The third 
was a boat with a bear sitting at the helm, showing that an Indian of that name [or 
of the bear gens] had been seen on his way up the river and had given intelligence 
where the party were. This paper he set up at the mouth of Kickapoo creek, up 
which the party had gone on a hunting trip. 
An ingenious mode of giving intelligence is practiced at this day by 
the Abnaki, as reported by H. L. Masta, chief of that tribe, lately liv- 
ing at Pierreville, Quebec. When they are in the woods, to say “I am 
going to the east,” a stick is stuck in the ground pointing in that diree- 
tion, Fig. 445, a. “Iam not gone far,” another stick is stuck across 
the former, close to the ground, same figure, b. ‘Gone far” is the 
reverse, Same figure, ¢. The number of days’ journey of proposed ab- 
sence is shown by the same number of sticks across the first; thus, 
same figure, d, signifies five days’ journey. 
Fig. 446, scratched on birch bark, was given to the present writer at 
Fredericton, New Brunswick, in August, 1888, by Gabriel Acquin, an 
Amalecite, then 66 years old, who spoke English quite well. The cir- 
cumstances under which it was made and used are in the Amalecite’s 
words, as follows: 
“When I was about 18 years old I lived at a village 11 miles above 
Fredericton and went with canoe and gun. I canoed down to Washa- 
demoak lake, about 40 miles below Fredericton; then took river until 
it became too narrow for canoe; then ‘carried’ to Buctoos river; fol- 
lowed down to bay of Chaleur; went up the northwest Mirimachi, and 
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