MALLERY. ] NOTICE BY MAPS. 341 
SECTION 2. 
DIRECTION BY DRAWING TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES. 
Fig. 451 is a notice by Micmac scouts, which tribe was then at war 
with the Passamaquoddy, erected on a tree, to warn the rest of the 
tribe that ten Passamaquoddy Indians have been observed in canoes 
on the lake going toward the outlet of the lake and probably down 
the river. The Passamaquoddy tribal pictograph is shown and the 
whole topography is correctly drawn. 
Notes in literature relating to the skill of the North American Indi- 
ans in delineating geographic features are very frequent. The follow- 
ing are selected for reference: 
Champlain (¢), in 1605, described how the natives on the coast drew 
with charcoal its bays, capes, and the mouths of rivers with such 
accuracy that Massachusetts bay and Merrimack river have been iden- 
tified. 
rece lcs rm x<S> ¥ 
Fic. 451,—Micmac notice of direction. 
Lafitau (d) says of the northeastern tribes of Indians— 
Ils tracent grossierement sur des écorces, ou’ sur le sable, des Cartes exactes, et 
ausquelles il ne manque que la distinction des degrés. Ils conservent méme de ces 
sortes de Cartes Geographiques dans leur Trésor public, pour les consulter dans le 
besoin. 
Sir Alexander Mackenzie, (a) in 1793, spoke of the skilled manner of 
chart-making by an Athabascan tribe, in which the Columbia river was 
drawn. 
An interesting facsimile of a map with which the treaty of Hopewell, 
in 1875, made by the Cherokees, is connected, appears in American 
State Papers, Indian Affairs, 1, 40. 
Hind (b) writes: 
On lake Tash-ner-nus-kow, Labrador, was found a “letter” stuck in a cleft pole 
overhanging the bank. It was written ou birchbark, and consisted of a small map 
of the country, with arrows showing the direction the writer had taken, some crosses 
indicating where he had camped, and a large cross to show where he intended to 
make his first winter quarters It was probably written by some Nasquapees as a 
guide to others who might be passing up the river or hunting in the country. 
The Tegua Pueblos, of New Mexico, “traced upon the ground a 
sketch of their country, with the names and locations of the pueblos 
occupied in New Mexico,” a copy of which, ‘somewhat improved,” is 
given by Lieut. Whipple (c). 
