344 PICTURE-WRITING OF THE AMERICAN INDIANS. 
utes the copy of a map, evidently the work of Indians, which is received 
too late for reproduction. The map is roughly scratched into the flat 
surface of a large granite block, and is an approximately correct sketch 
of a pass and the nearest surrounding. The rock is situated in the pass 
above the so-called rattlesnake or mica tank, in a spur on the west side 
of the Van Horn mountains, El Paso county, Texas. An Indian trail 
passes near the very rough and weathered rear part of the rock, which 
on this side shows weak traces of some scratched-in drawings, which 
are nearly weathered off, made no doubt with the purpose to lead the 
attention of passing parties to the other side of the rock upon which 
the map is drawn. An old trail leads from the Rio Grande across the 
Eagle mountains to this pass and in the shortest line from the Green 
river valley to the northern main range of the Van Horn and from 
there east to the Davis mountains, formerly Apache mountains, and 
thence through the southern extension of the Guadeloupe mountains 
to this range and into New Mexico; also through the Sierra Carrizo to 
the Sierra Diablo; so that this trail must be regarded as one of the 
best warpaths for raids across the Rio Grande. An arrowhead at the 
upper end of the trail points out water (small or doubtful supply), as 
far as could be ascertained from drawings made by Apaches. 
eS 8 
c 
6 Ik S 
A UWS = a5 
if go rs L f 
Fic. 454.—Topographie features. 
Following are modes of exhibiting pictographically topograpic fea- 
tures, Fig. 454: 
a, from Copway’s Ojibway Nation, p. 136, represents ‘‘ mountains.” 
b is the Chinese character for “mountain,” from Edkins, p. 14. “A 
picture of the object. More anciently, two upright cones or triangles 
connected at their bases.” — 
c is the representation by the Dakotas of a gap in the mountains, 
taken from Red-Cloud’s census. 
d, from Copway, p. 135, represents “islands.” 
e, froin the same, p. 154, is a representation of the character for “‘sea” 
or “water,” probably a large body of water, e. g., lake, such as the 
Ojibwa were familiar with. 
J is from the same authority, p. 154. It shows the character for 
“river” or ‘‘stream.” 
g gives two Chinese characters for “river,” “stream,” from Edkins, 
p. 14. Three parallel lines drawn downward express “ flowing” in all 
Cases. 
