MALLERY. | TRIBAL DESIGNATIONS. 377 
orders have been discontinued and replaced by the emblems of 
nationalities. Frederic Marshall (a) well says: ‘Images of animals, 
badges, war cries, cockades, liveries, coats of arms, tokens, tattooing, 
are all replaced practically by national ensigns.” This change is 
toward the higher and nobler significance and employment, all mem- 
bers of the community being protected and designated by the simple 
exhibition of a single emblem. 
This chapter is naturally divided into (1) Pictorial tribal designa- 
tions, (2) Gentile and clan designations, (3) Significance of tattoo, (4) 
Designations of individuals. 
SECTION 1. 
PICTORIAL TRIBAL DESIGNATIONS. 
Capt. de Lamothe Cadillac (a) writing in the year 1696 of the Al- 
gonquians of the Great Lake region near Mackinac, etc., describes the 
emblems on their canoes as follows: “On y voit la natte de guerre le 
corbeau, Pours ou quelque autre animal * * *  estant Vesprit qui 
doit conduire cette enterprise.” 
This, however, was a mistake as applicable to the time when it was 
written. The animals used as emblems may originally have been re- 
garded as supernatural totemie beings, but had probably become tribal 
designations. 
TROQUOIAN TRIBAL DESIGNATIONS. 
Bacqueville de la Potherie (¢) says that a treaty with the French in 
Canada, about 1700, was “sealed” with the ‘proper arms,” pictorially 
drawn, of the Indian tribes which were parties to it. The following is 
a copy of the original statement in its archaic form: 
Monsieur de Callieres, de Champigni, & de Vaudreiiil, en signerent le Traité, que 
chaque Nation scella de ses propres armes. Les Tsonnontouans & les Onnontaguez 
designerent une araignée, le Goyogouin un calumet, les Onneyouts un morceau de 
bois en fourche, une pierre au milieu, un Onnontagué mit un Ours pour les Aniez, 
quoi qwils ne vinrent pas. Le Rat mit un Castor, les Abenaguis un Cheyvreiiil, les 
Outaouaks un Liévre, ainsi des autres. 
From this it appears that— 
The Seneca and Onondaga tribes were represented by a “spider.” 
{This was doubtless a branching tree, so badly drawn as to be mistaken 
for a spider. | 
The Cayuga tribe, by a calumet. 
The Oneida tribe, by a forked stick with a stone in the fork. [The 
forked stick was really designed for the fork of a tree. ] 
The Mohawk tribe, by a bear. 
Le Rat, who was a representative Huron of Mackinaw, by a beaver. 
The Abnaki, by a deer. 
The Ottowa, by a hare. 
Several other accounts of the tribal signs of the Iroquois are pub- 
