378 PICTURE-WRITING OF THE AMERICAN INDIANS. 
lished, often with illustrations, e. g.,in Documents relating to the Colo- 
nial History of New York (a), with the following remarks: 
When they go to war, and wish to inform those of the party who may pass their 
path, they make a representation of the animal of their tribe, with a hatchet in his 
dexter paw; sometimes a saber or a club; and if there be a number of tribes to- 
gether of the same party, each draws the animal of his tribe, and their number, all 
on a tree, from which they remove the bark. The animal of the tribe which heads 
the expedition is always the foremost. 
Another account of interest, which does not appear to have been 
published, was traced and contributed by Mr. William Young, of Phil- 
adelphia. It is a deed from the representatives of the Six Nations (the 
Tuscaroras then being admitted) to the King of Great Britain, dated 
November 4, 1768, and recorded at the recorder’s office, Philadelphia, 
in Deed Book 1, vol. 5, p. 241. Nearly all of these accounts and illus- 
trations are confused and imperfect. An instructive blunder occurs in 
the translated signature representing the Mohawk tribe in the above 
mentioned deed. It is called ‘The Steel,” which could hardly have 
_been an ancient tribal name, but after study it was remembered that 
the Mohawks have sometimes been called by a name properly trans- 
lated the “Flint people.” By some confusion about flint and steel, 
which were still used in the middle of the last century to produce sparks 
of fire, perhaps assisted by the pantomime of striking those objects 
together, the one intended to be indicated, viz, the flint, was under- 
stood to be the other, the steel, and so these words were written under 
the figure, which was so roughly drawn that it might have been taken 
for a piece of flint or of steel or, indeed, anything else. 
EASTERN ALGONQUIAN TRIBAL DESIGNATIONS. 
The illustrations in Fig. 483 were drawn in 1888 by a Passamaquoddy 
Indian, in Maine, near the Canada border. The Passamaquoddy, Pe- 
nobscot, and Amalecite are tribal divisions of the Abnaki, who for- 
merly were also called Tarrateens by the more southern New England 
tribes and Owenunga by the Iroquois. The Micmacs are congeners of 
the Abnaki, but not classed in their tribal divisions. All the four 
tribes belong to the Algonquian linguistic stock. 
Fig. 483 a is the tribal emblem of the Passamaquoddy. It shows two 
Indians in a canoe, both using paddles and not poles, following a fish, 
the pollock. The variation which will appear in the represented use 
of poles and paddles in the marks of the Algonquian tribes in Maine, 
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, ete., is said to have originated in the 
differing character of the waters, shoal or deep, sluggish or rapid, of 
the regions of the four bodies of Indians whose totems are indicated as ~ 
next follows, thus requiring the use of pole and paddle, respectively, in 
a greater or less degree. The animals figured are in all cases repeated 
consistently by each one of the several delineators, and in all cases 
there is some device to show a difference between the four canoes, either 
in their structure or in their mode of propulsion, but these devices are 
