MALLERY. | OGLALA ROSTER. 421 
has before him a decorated pipe and pouch, the design of each being 
distinct from the others. The use of pipes as insignia for leaders is 
frequently mentioned in this work. The five chiefs do not have the 
war club, their rank being shown by pipe and pouch. Each of the 
five chiefs has at least three transverse bands on the cheek, with differ- 
entiations of the pattern. 
Pl. xxvit shows the subchiefs of the band. The three red bands 
are the sign that they are Akicita-itacanpi, which means head soldiers— 
captains in war, and captains of police in civil administration. Hach 
of them is decorated with three red transverse bands on the cheek and 
carries a war club held vertically before the person. 
The other male figures not represented in the plates have in general 
each but a single red band on the cheek; others, two bands, red and 
blue. These are merely ornamental and without significance. 
It will be noticed that in this series the device indicating the name 
is not generally connected by lines with the mouth but only when there 
is a natural connection with it. It appears attached by a line to the 
crown of the head, but sometimes without any connecting line. 
Pl. xxvi shows the five principal chiefs of the Oglala in 1883, who are 
severally designated as follows: : 
a. Cankutanka, Big-Road. Big-Road is often called Good-Road be- 
cause a road that is big or broad and well traveled is good. The tracks 
on both sides of the line indicating a mere path show that the road is 
big. The bird flying through the dusk indicates the rapidity of travel 
which the good road allows. This is the same chief as the following: 
Fig. 540, Big-Road as appearing in Red-Cloud’s 
Census, No. 96. The broad and big road is indicated = 
by the artist of that series as having distinctly marked C ay NGA 
sides and horsetracks between these roadsides. In > 
tr 
f 
af 
the ideographie device was not fixed but elastic and 4 
subject to variation, the intention being solely to pre- 
serve the idea. 
b. Sunka-kuciyela, Low-Dog. The dog figure is represented as “low” 
by the shortness of the legs as compared with the next figure of Long- 
Dog. 
¢. Sunka-hanska, Long-Dog. This term “long” is in the pictography 
of the Siouan tribes, but is differently translated as tall. There is a 
marked variation in the length of the legs between this and the next 
foregoing. 
d. Kangi-maza, Iron-Crow. The term “iron” is explained above. 
The color blue is always used in Dakotan pictography for the word 
translated as iron. 
e. Cetan-cigala, Little-Hawk. 
Pl. xxvu shows the subchiets or partisans of the Oglala at the time 
of the roster in 1883. 
Fig. 540.—Big-Road. 
