424 PICTURE-WRITING OF THE AMERICAN INDIANS. 
Fig. 546.—A Minneconjou Dakota, named Red-Fish’s-Son, danced 
the calumet dance, The-Swan’s Winter Count, 
185657. 
Maj. Bush says: “A Minneconjou, Red-Fish’s- 
Son, The-Ass, danced the Four-Horn calumet.” 
The peculiarly ornamented pipe, frequently por- 
trayed and mentioned in the parts of the paper 
relative to the Dakotas, is, at least for the time of 
the duration of the ceremonies, the sign of the 
F iG. 546.—Four-Horn calumet. person who leads them. 
In connection with the display of pipes as insignia of authority and 
rank, Figs. 547 and 548 are introduced here. 
Fig. 547, drawn and explained by an Oglala Dakota, exhibits four 
erect pipes, to show that he had led four war parties. 
Fic. 547.—Two-Strike as partisan. 
Fig. 548 is a copy of a drawing made by Lean-Wolf, when second 
chief of the Hidatsa, to represent himself. The horns on his head- 
dress show that he is a chief. The eagle feathers on his war bonnet, 
arranged in the special manner portrayed, also show high distinction 
as a warrior. His authority as “ partisan,” or leader of a war party, is 
represented by the elevated pipe. His name is also added, with the 
usual line drawn from the head. He explained the outline character 
of the wolf, having a white body with the mouth unfinished, to show 
that it was hollow, nothing there; i.e., lean, The animal’s tail is drawn 
in detail and dark, to distinguish it from the body. : 
The character for “partisan” is also shown in Lone-Dog’s Winter 
Count for the year 1842-43. 
Fig. 549 gives three examples, actual size, of a large number of simi- 
lar designs scratched on the rocks of Kejimkoojik lake, Nova Scotia. 
They were at first considered to be connected with the ceremonial or 
