438 PICTURE-WRITING OF THE AMERICAN INDIANS. 
Fig. 569 denotes that the wearer successfully defended 
himself against the enemy by throwing up a ridge of earth 
or sand to protect the body. The manner of depicting this 
eta het mark upon the person or clothing is shown in Pl, Xxx upon 
cessful defense. the shirt of the third figure in the lower row. 
Hidatsa, ete. 
Fig. 570 signifes that the wearer has upon two different 
occasions defended himself by hiding his body within low 
earthworks. The character is merely a compound of two 
of the preceding marks placed together. Both of the devices 
Fig. 570._Two Shown in Figs. 569 and 570 are displayed on the clothing in 
PRL SE Ee Fig. 575, drawn by a Hidatsa. 
hg Fig. 571 signifies that the one who carries this mark upon 
his blanket, legzings, boat paddle, or any other property, 
or upon his person, has distinguished himself by capturing 
Fig.571—Cap- 4 horse belonging to a hostile tribe. This character appears 
Wes oterse upon the garments and legs of several of the human figures 
in Pl. xxx, drawn by a Hidatsa, at Fort Berthold, North 
Dakota. 
X RX 
X Xe x 
Fic. 572.—Exploit marks, Hidatsa. 
In Fig. 572, @ signifies among the Hidatsa and Mandans that the 
wearer was the first person to strike a fallen enemy with a coup stick. 
It signifies among the Arikara simply that the wearer killed an enemy. 
b represents among the Hidatsa and Mandans the second person to 
strike a fallen enemy. It represents among the Arikara the first per- 
son to strike the fallen enemy. 
¢ denotes the third person to strike the enemy, according to the 
Hidatsa and Mandan; the second person to strike him according to the 
Arikara. f 
d shows among the Hidatsa and Mandan the fourth person to strike 
the fallen enemy. This is the highest and last number; the fifth per- 
son to risk the danger is considered brave for venturing so near the 
ground held by the enemy, but has no right to wear a mark therefor. 
The same mark among the Arikara represents the person to be the 
third to strike the enemy. 
