458 PICTURE-WRITING OF THE AMERICAN INDIANS. 
Fig. 634.—Kangi-topa, Four-Crows. The Oglala Roster, 
The four crows are cawing forth such explanation as 
they can give of the reasons, probably coming from vis- 
ions, why they were used to form a name for an Oglala. 
LEP OLA ILA. BO 
VEGETABLE, 
The products of the vegetable kingdom are not often used by the 
Dakotas in their personal designations. The three following figures, 
however, are examples of such use. 
man probably painted a tree on his face. 
p Fig. 635.—Tree-in-the-Face. Red-Cloud’s Census. This 
Fig. 639, 
Fig. 636.—Leaves. Red-Cloud’s Census. This and the 
following figure represent two different men of the same 
name and the devices are distinctly individual. 
FIG. 636. 
(A 
o 
Fig. 637.—Leaves. Red-Cloud’s Census. 
With regard to the errors arising from bad translation, an example 
may be given, relating to a name the explanation of which has often 
been asked. A former chief of the Oglala was called “‘Old-man-afraid- 
of-his-Horses,” by the whites, and his son is known as “ Young-man- 
