MALLERY. GRAVE EFFIGY. 525 
of Moliére. Among the Romans it was the same: a fisher had a boat on his tomb; 
a shepard, a sheep; a digger, a pickaxe; a navigator, an anchor or a trident; a vine- 
dresser, a cask; an architect, a capital or the instruments of his art. 
Howitt (g) says of the Dieri, a tribe of Central Australia: 
A messenger who is sent to convey the intelligence of a death is smeared all over 
with white clay. On his approach to the camp the women all commence screaming 
and crying most passionately. Aftera time the particulars of the death are made 
known to the camp. The near relations and friends then only weep. Old men even 
ery bitterly, and their friends comfort them asif they were children. On the follow- 
ing day the near relations dress in mourning by smearing themselves over with white 
clay. Widows and widowers are prohibited by custom from uttering a word until 
the clay has worn off, however long it may remain on them. They do not, however, 
rub it off, as doing so would be considered a bad omen. It must absolutely wear off 
of itself. During this period they communicate by means of gesture language, 
rt NN 
Fic. 734.—New Zealand grave ettigy. 
Dr. Ferdinand von Hochstetter (a) says: 
The carved Maori figures which are met with on the road are the memorials of 
chiefs who, while journeying to the restorative baths of Rotorua, succumbed to their 
ills on the road. Some of the figures are decked out with pieces of clothing or ker- 
chiefs; and the mostremarkable feature in them is the close imitation of the tattoo- 
ing of the deceased, by which the Maoris are able to recognize for whom the monu- 
ment has been erected. Certain lines are peculiar to the tribe, others to the family, 
and again others to the individual. A close imitation of the tattooing of the face, 
therefore, is to the Maori the same as to us a photographic likeness; it does not re- 
quire any description of name. 
A representation of one of these carved posts is given in Fig. 754, 
